Substance related and addictive disorders I

Question 1

what are the three brain areas responsible for the dopamine reward pathway in the brain?

Answer 1

• VTA
• nucleus accumbens
• prefrontal cortex

Question 2

what NT gives animals the motivation to repeat a pleasurable experience?

Answer 2

DA

Question 3

what are the DSM 5 diagnostic criteria for use disorder?

Answer 3

• clinical distress / impairment
• 12 month period
• at least 2 items from criteria A

Question 4

what are the ocular changes in alcohol intoxication?

Answer 4

nystagmus

Question 5

what are the ocular changes in sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics?

Answer 5

nystagmus

Question 6

what are the ocular changes in inhalants?

Answer 6

nystagmus

Question 7

what are the ocular changes in hallucinogens?

Answer 7

dilated pupils (PCP - nystagmus)

Question 8

what are the ocular changes in stimulants?

Answer 8

dilated pupils

Question 9

what are the ocular changes in cannabis?

Answer 9

conjunctival injection

Question 10

what are the ocular changes in opioids?

Answer 10

constricted pupils

Question 11

the VTA is also responsive to:

Answer 11

• water
• food
• sexual activity
• extreme sports

Question 12

what is the maintenance therapy for alcohol use disorder?

Answer 12

• naltrexone
• acamprosate (GABA, glutamate)
• disulfiram

Question 13

what is the CIWA? what is the protocol?

Answer 13

• clinical institute withdrawal assessment
• add scores
• total plus symptoms leads to treatment
• monitor 72 hours with score under 8 (may be too early)
• score under 10: no withdrawal
• higher score is worse: max score is 67