Schizophrenia and spectrum disorders II

Question 1

what are the criteria for schizoaffective disorder?

Answer 1

• uninterrupted period of illness during which there is a major mood episode (major depressive, or depressed mood or manic mood) concurrent with criterion A for schizophrenia
• delusions or hallucinations for 2 or more weeks in the absence of a major mood episode during the lifetime duration of the illness

Question 2

clinical picture of catatonia is dominated by 3 or more of which features?

Answer 2

• stupor
• catalepsy
• waxy flexibility
• mutism
• negativism
• posturing
• mannerism
• stereotypy
• agitation
• grimacing
• echolalia (mimic speech)
• echopraxia (mimic movements)

Question 3

what are the histopathological changes in schizophrenia?

Answer 3

• decreased volume of hippocampus, thalamus, temporal and prefrontal cortex
• decreased total gray matter volume

Question 4

what are the neuroimaging changes in schizophrenia?

Answer 4

lateral and 3rd ventricle are enlarged

Question 5

what are the functional brain imaging results in schizophrenia?

Answer 5

• hypofrontality at rest in chronic patients may correlate with negative symptoms
• consistent failure to activate prefrontal cortex during performance of cognitive task (deficit syndrome)
• temporal love activity increased at baseline - impaired activation in response to memory task

Question 6

what is the only risk factor for violence within the context of the delusional system?

Answer 6

auditory hallucinations