Schizophrenia and spectrum disorders I Flashcards

1
Q

definition: schizophrenia and spectrum disorders

A

abnormalities in 1 or more of 5 domains:

  • delusions
  • hallucinations
  • disorganized thinking and/or speech
  • grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behavior including catatonia
  • negative symptoms
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2
Q

definitions: delusions

A

fixed beliefs that are not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence

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3
Q

what are persecutory delusions?

A

harmed or harassed by individual, organization or group

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4
Q

definition: referential delusions

A

gestures, comments, environmental cues are directed at oneself

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5
Q

definition: gradiose delusions

A

individual believes that they have exceptional abilities, wealth or fame

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6
Q

definition: erotomanic delusions

A

individual believes falsely that another person is in love with them

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7
Q

definition: nihilistic delusions

A

involve a conviction that a major catastrophe will occur

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8
Q

definition: somatic delusions

A

preoccupation regarding health and organ function

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9
Q

definition: hallucinations

A

perception like experiences that occur without and external stimuli (vivid and clear, full force and impact normal perceptions, not under voluntary control)

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10
Q

definition: auditory hallucinations

A

usually voices, familiar or not, distinct from an individual’s thoughts

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11
Q

definition: disorganized thinking (speech)

A

inferred from the individual’s speech and it must impair communication; a less severe impairment occurs in prodromal and residual phase of schizophrenia

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12
Q

definition: derailment or loose associations

A

switching from topic to topic

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13
Q

definition: tangentiality

A

answers to questions obliquely related or unrelated

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14
Q

definition: incoherence or word salad

A

severely disorganized resembling receptive aphasia

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15
Q

why do schizophrenics smell bad?

A

their olfactory sense is under-developed - they do not think they smell, so they do not shower (also mixed with apathy)

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16
Q

what is catatonic excitement?

A

purposeless and excessive motor activity without obvious cause

17
Q

what accounts for the morbidity of schizophrenia but are less prominent in other psychotic disorders?

A

negative symptoms

18
Q

definition: avolution

A

decrease in motivated self initiated purposeful activities

19
Q

definition: alogia

A

diminished speech output

20
Q

definition: schizotypal disorder

A

a pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by discomfort or inability to have close relationships as well as cognitive and perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior, beginning in early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts and must have 5 of the below:

  • ideas of reference
  • odd beliefs or magical thinking
  • unusual perceptual experiences including body illusions
  • odd thinking or speech
  • suspicious or paranoid ideation
21
Q

what are the criteria for delusional disorders?

A

presence of one or more delusions with a duration of 1 month or longer

22
Q

what is the most frequent subtype of delusional disorders?

A

persecutory

23
Q

criteria for brief psychotic disorder

A

presence of one or more of the following:

  • delusions
  • hallucinations
  • disorganized speech
  • grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior

duration is at least 1 day but not more than 1 month with eventual return to premorbid functioning

24
Q

brief psychotic disorder carries a high risk of ________

A

suicidality

25
Q

what are the criteria for schizophreniform disorder?

A

2 or more of the following present for a significant time during a 1 month period (at least 1 of the these must be in the first 3):

  • delusions
  • hallucinations
  • disorganized speech
  • grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
  • negative symptoms
26
Q

what is the duration for schizophreniform disorder?

A

1-6 months

27
Q

what proportion of people who experience schizophreniform disorder can go on to have schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder?

A

2/3

28
Q

what are the criteria for schizophrenia?

A
  • 2 or more of the following present for a significant time during a 1 month period (at least 1 of first 3):
  • delusions
  • hallucinations
  • disorganized speech
  • grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
  • negative symptoms

duration of at least 6 months

29
Q

what are the associated features supporting schizophrenia diagnosis?

A
  • lack of insight into their illness (anosognosia): symptom, not a coping strategy
  • predicts non-adherence and poorer outcomes