Schizophrenia and spectrum disorders I Flashcards
definition: schizophrenia and spectrum disorders
abnormalities in 1 or more of 5 domains:
- delusions
- hallucinations
- disorganized thinking and/or speech
- grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behavior including catatonia
- negative symptoms
definitions: delusions
fixed beliefs that are not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence
what are persecutory delusions?
harmed or harassed by individual, organization or group
definition: referential delusions
gestures, comments, environmental cues are directed at oneself
definition: gradiose delusions
individual believes that they have exceptional abilities, wealth or fame
definition: erotomanic delusions
individual believes falsely that another person is in love with them
definition: nihilistic delusions
involve a conviction that a major catastrophe will occur
definition: somatic delusions
preoccupation regarding health and organ function
definition: hallucinations
perception like experiences that occur without and external stimuli (vivid and clear, full force and impact normal perceptions, not under voluntary control)
definition: auditory hallucinations
usually voices, familiar or not, distinct from an individual’s thoughts
definition: disorganized thinking (speech)
inferred from the individual’s speech and it must impair communication; a less severe impairment occurs in prodromal and residual phase of schizophrenia
definition: derailment or loose associations
switching from topic to topic
definition: tangentiality
answers to questions obliquely related or unrelated
definition: incoherence or word salad
severely disorganized resembling receptive aphasia
why do schizophrenics smell bad?
their olfactory sense is under-developed - they do not think they smell, so they do not shower (also mixed with apathy)
what is catatonic excitement?
purposeless and excessive motor activity without obvious cause
what accounts for the morbidity of schizophrenia but are less prominent in other psychotic disorders?
negative symptoms
definition: avolution
decrease in motivated self initiated purposeful activities
definition: alogia
diminished speech output
definition: schizotypal disorder
a pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by discomfort or inability to have close relationships as well as cognitive and perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior, beginning in early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts and must have 5 of the below:
- ideas of reference
- odd beliefs or magical thinking
- unusual perceptual experiences including body illusions
- odd thinking or speech
- suspicious or paranoid ideation
what are the criteria for delusional disorders?
presence of one or more delusions with a duration of 1 month or longer
what is the most frequent subtype of delusional disorders?
persecutory
criteria for brief psychotic disorder
presence of one or more of the following:
- delusions
- hallucinations
- disorganized speech
- grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
duration is at least 1 day but not more than 1 month with eventual return to premorbid functioning
brief psychotic disorder carries a high risk of ________
suicidality
what are the criteria for schizophreniform disorder?
2 or more of the following present for a significant time during a 1 month period (at least 1 of the these must be in the first 3):
- delusions
- hallucinations
- disorganized speech
- grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
- negative symptoms
what is the duration for schizophreniform disorder?
1-6 months
what proportion of people who experience schizophreniform disorder can go on to have schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder?
2/3
what are the criteria for schizophrenia?
- 2 or more of the following present for a significant time during a 1 month period (at least 1 of first 3):
- delusions
- hallucinations
- disorganized speech
- grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
- negative symptoms
duration of at least 6 months
what are the associated features supporting schizophrenia diagnosis?
- lack of insight into their illness (anosognosia): symptom, not a coping strategy
- predicts non-adherence and poorer outcomes
