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Pharmacology II > Substance Misuse > Flashcards

Substance Misuse Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four types of dependence?

A

Physical dependence
Psychological dependence
Habituation
Addiction

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2
Q

What are the Commonly misused substances?

A

Opioids
Stimulants
Depressants
Alcohol
Methamphetamines
Extasy, Molly
Nicotine

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3
Q

What are opioids also know as?

A

Narcotics

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4
Q

What is the intended effect of opioids?

A

relieve pain, reduce cough, relieve diarrhea, and induce anesthesia

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5
Q

What drug is used to opioid dependence?

A

Methadone

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6
Q

What is the goal of methadone?

A

to reduce the patient’s dosage gradually so that eventually the patient can live permanently drug free

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7
Q

T/F: Relapse rates are high with opioids?

A

T

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8
Q

What drug causes a rush followed by hours of relaxed state?

A

Heroin

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9
Q

What is the peak period of opioid withdrawal? How long can it last?

A

1-3 days
may last for 5-7 days

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10
Q

What are the S&S of Opioid withdrawal?

A

Drug seeking, mydriasis, diaphoresis, rhinorrhea, lacrimation, vomiting, diarrhea, insomnia, elevated blood pressure (BP) and pulse. Intense desire for drug, muscle cramps, arthralgia, anxiety, nausea, malaise

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11
Q

What is Naltrexone HCl?

A

it is an opioid antagonist

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12
Q

What do stimulants cause?

A

Elevation of mood
Reduction of fatigue
Increased alertness
Invigorated aggressiveness

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13
Q

What are the Stimulant drugs you need to know for the exam?

A

Amphetamines
Cocaine
Methamphetamine
Ecstasy, molly

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14
Q

T/F: methamphetamines are stronger amphetamines?

A

T

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15
Q

What substance is addictive with physical and psychological dependence?

A

Cocaine

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16
Q

How do stimulants cause over doses?

A

Convulsions
Coma
Cerebral hemorrhage

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17
Q

How long is the peak period of stimulants?

A

peak is 1-3 days
duration is 5-7 days

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18
Q

Is there a specific pharmacological treatment for stimulants?

A

No

19
Q

What are the S&S of stimulants withdrawal?

A

Social withdrawal, psychomotor retardation, hypersomnia, hyperphagia
Depression, suicidal thoughts and behaviour, paranoid delusions

20
Q

What are depressant drugs used for?

A

relieve anxiety, irritability, and tension when used as intended

21
Q

What are the two main pharmacologic classes?

A

Benzodiazepines
Barbiturates

22
Q

What are the depressant drugs you need to know for the exam?

A

Benzodiazepines
Barbiturates
Marihuana
flunitrazepam (roofies)

23
Q

What do Benzodiazepines and barbiturate do?

A

Increase the action of gamma-aminobutyric which inhibits nerve transmissions to the CNS

24
Q

What is the results of Benzodiazepines and barbiturates?

A

sedation, muscle relaxation, and relief of anxiety

25
Q

What drug class causes sedation, muscle relaxation, and relief of anxiety?

A

Benzodiazepines

26
Q

What drug class causes sedatives and anticonvulsants and to induce anaesthesia?

A

Barbiturates

27
Q

What is the Withdrawal period for shot acting drugs?

A

peak 2-4 days
duration 4-7 days

28
Q

What is the withdrawal period for long acting drugs?

A

peak: 4-7 days
duration: 7-12 days

29
Q

What are the S&S of depressant withdrawal?

A

Increased psychomotor activity; agitation; muscular weakness; hyperthermia; diaphoresis; delirium; convulsions; elevated BP, pulse rate, and temperature; Anxiety, depression, euphoria, incoherent thoughts, hostility, grandiosity, disorientation, hallucinations, suicidal thoughts

30
Q

What is the treatment of depressant drugs?

A

tapper the drug over a course of 7-10 days or 10-14 days

31
Q

What are the drug effects of alcohol?

A

CNS depression
Respiratory stimulation or depression
Vasodilation, producing warm flushed skin
Increased sweating
Diuretic effects

32
Q

What can chronic use of alcohol cause?

A

Vitamin B deficiencies
seizures
hepatitis
cardiomyopathy

33
Q

What are the S&S of Alcohol withdrawal?

A

Elevated blood pressure, pulse rate, and temperature
Insomnia
Tremors
Agitation

34
Q

What is the drug of choice to treat alcohol withdrawl?

A

Benzodiazepines are the treatment of choice
diazepam (Valium®)
and critical care monitoring

35
Q

What are the treatment regimes to treat alcoholism?

A

Naltrexone
acamprosate
counselling

36
Q

T/F: there is a therapeutic use of Nicotine?

A

F: there is no known therapeutic use of Nicotine.

37
Q

What is the Withdrawal treatment of Nicotine?

A

the patch
gum
inhalers
nasal sprays

38
Q

What is the first nicotine free smoking cessation aid?

A

bupropion hydrochloride (Zyban®)

39
Q

What smoking cessation aid stimulates nicotine receptors?

A

varenicline tartrate (Champix®)

40
Q

What are the most dangerous withdrawal substances

A

barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and alcohol

41
Q

What substance misuse assessment tools are used?

A

CAGE Alcoholism Screening Test Adapted to Include Drugs (CAGE-AID)
Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory (SASSI)
Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test Geriatric version (MAST-G)
Problem Oriented Screening Instrument for Teenagers (POSIT)

42
Q

What needs to be emphasized when educating substance misuse patients?

A

recovery is life long

43
Q
A

Pharmacology II (12 decks)

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