Substance Misuse Flashcards
What are the four types of dependence?
Physical dependence
Psychological dependence
Habituation
Addiction
What are the Commonly misused substances?
Opioids
Stimulants
Depressants
Alcohol
Methamphetamines
Extasy, Molly
Nicotine
What are opioids also know as?
Narcotics
What is the intended effect of opioids?
relieve pain, reduce cough, relieve diarrhea, and induce anesthesia
What drug is used to opioid dependence?
Methadone
What is the goal of methadone?
to reduce the patient’s dosage gradually so that eventually the patient can live permanently drug free
T/F: Relapse rates are high with opioids?
T
What drug causes a rush followed by hours of relaxed state?
Heroin
What is the peak period of opioid withdrawal? How long can it last?
1-3 days
may last for 5-7 days
What are the S&S of Opioid withdrawal?
Drug seeking, mydriasis, diaphoresis, rhinorrhea, lacrimation, vomiting, diarrhea, insomnia, elevated blood pressure (BP) and pulse. Intense desire for drug, muscle cramps, arthralgia, anxiety, nausea, malaise
What is Naltrexone HCl?
it is an opioid antagonist
What do stimulants cause?
Elevation of mood
Reduction of fatigue
Increased alertness
Invigorated aggressiveness
What are the Stimulant drugs you need to know for the exam?
Amphetamines
Cocaine
Methamphetamine
Ecstasy, molly
T/F: methamphetamines are stronger amphetamines?
T
What substance is addictive with physical and psychological dependence?
Cocaine
How do stimulants cause over doses?
Convulsions
Coma
Cerebral hemorrhage
How long is the peak period of stimulants?
peak is 1-3 days
duration is 5-7 days
Is there a specific pharmacological treatment for stimulants?
No
What are the S&S of stimulants withdrawal?
Social withdrawal, psychomotor retardation, hypersomnia, hyperphagia
Depression, suicidal thoughts and behaviour, paranoid delusions
What are depressant drugs used for?
relieve anxiety, irritability, and tension when used as intended
What are the two main pharmacologic classes?
Benzodiazepines
Barbiturates
What are the depressant drugs you need to know for the exam?
Benzodiazepines
Barbiturates
Marihuana
flunitrazepam (roofies)
What do Benzodiazepines and barbiturate do?
Increase the action of gamma-aminobutyric which inhibits nerve transmissions to the CNS
What is the results of Benzodiazepines and barbiturates?
sedation, muscle relaxation, and relief of anxiety
What drug class causes sedation, muscle relaxation, and relief of anxiety?
Benzodiazepines
What drug class causes sedatives and anticonvulsants and to induce anaesthesia?
Barbiturates
What is the Withdrawal period for shot acting drugs?
peak 2-4 days
duration 4-7 days
What is the withdrawal period for long acting drugs?
peak: 4-7 days
duration: 7-12 days
What are the S&S of depressant withdrawal?
Increased psychomotor activity; agitation; muscular weakness; hyperthermia; diaphoresis; delirium; convulsions; elevated BP, pulse rate, and temperature; Anxiety, depression, euphoria, incoherent thoughts, hostility, grandiosity, disorientation, hallucinations, suicidal thoughts
What is the treatment of depressant drugs?
tapper the drug over a course of 7-10 days or 10-14 days
What are the drug effects of alcohol?
CNS depression
Respiratory stimulation or depression
Vasodilation, producing warm flushed skin
Increased sweating
Diuretic effects
What can chronic use of alcohol cause?
Vitamin B deficiencies
seizures
hepatitis
cardiomyopathy
What are the S&S of Alcohol withdrawal?
Elevated blood pressure, pulse rate, and temperature
Insomnia
Tremors
Agitation
What is the drug of choice to treat alcohol withdrawl?
Benzodiazepines are the treatment of choice
diazepam (Valium®)
and critical care monitoring
What are the treatment regimes to treat alcoholism?
Naltrexone
acamprosate
counselling
T/F: there is a therapeutic use of Nicotine?
F: there is no known therapeutic use of Nicotine.
What is the Withdrawal treatment of Nicotine?
the patch
gum
inhalers
nasal sprays
What is the first nicotine free smoking cessation aid?
bupropion hydrochloride (Zyban®)
What smoking cessation aid stimulates nicotine receptors?
varenicline tartrate (Champix®)
What are the most dangerous withdrawal substances
barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and alcohol
What substance misuse assessment tools are used?
CAGE Alcoholism Screening Test Adapted to Include Drugs (CAGE-AID)
Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory (SASSI)
Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test Geriatric version (MAST-G)
Problem Oriented Screening Instrument for Teenagers (POSIT)
What needs to be emphasized when educating substance misuse patients?
recovery is life long
