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Pharmacology II > Psychotherapeutic Drugs > Flashcards

Psychotherapeutic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main purpose of Psychotherapeutic Drugs?

A

To treat emotional and mental disorders

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2
Q

When are Psychotherapeutic Drugs considered?

A

When emotions significantly affect an individual’s ability to carry out normal daily functions, treatment with a psychotherapeutic drug is a possible option.

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3
Q

What are three Mental Health disorders?

A

Anxiety
Affective Disorders
Psychotic Disorders

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4
Q

What are the types of Psychotherapeutic drugs?

A

Anxiolytic drugs
Mood-stabilizing drugs
Antidepressant drugs
Antipsychotic drugs

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5
Q

What is Anxiety?

A

An unpleasant state of mind characterized by a sense of dread or fear

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6
Q

What may Anxiety be based on?

A

anticipated experiences or actual past experiences

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7
Q

What are Affective Disorders?

A

Changes in mood that range from mania to depression. Both may be exhibited in a pt; this is bipolar disorder (BPD)

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8
Q

What is Psychosis?

A

Severe emotional disorder that impairs mental function to the point ADLs are impaired.

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9
Q

What is a hallmark of Psychosis?

A

Loss of contact with reality

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10
Q

What are some examples of Psychosis?

A

Schizophrenia
Depressive and drug-induced psychoses

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11
Q

What is the purpose of Anxiolytic Drugs

A

Reduce anxiety by reducing overactivity in the central nervous system (CNS)

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12
Q

What do Benzodiazepines do?

A

Depress activity in the brainstem and limbic system

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13
Q

What are the Benzodiazepine drug you need to know for the exam?

A

alprazolam (Xanax®)
diazepam (Valium®)
lorazepam (Ativan®)

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14
Q

What are some AEs of Benzodiazepines?

A

Decreased CNS activity (sedation)
Hypotension
Drowsiness/dizziness

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15
Q

What is the antidote for Benzodiazepine ODs?

A

Flumazenil used to reverse Benzodiazepines ODs

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16
Q

What do Benzodiazepines interact with?

A

Alcohol = depressed CNS

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17
Q

What is the most commonly used Anxiolytic? Indication?

A

Alprazolam used for general anxiety disorder

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18
Q

AEs of Alprazolam?

A

confusion
ataxia
headache

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19
Q

What is Diazepam used for?

A

Anxiety relief
alcohol withdrawal
pre op sedative
muscle spasm pain relief

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20
Q

When should Diazepam be avoided?

A

Hepatic dysfunction

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21
Q

What dose Diazepam interact with?

A

Oral contraceptives and alcohol

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22
Q

Length of Lorazepam?

A

Intermediate

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23
Q

Route of Lorazepam? Use?

A

IV, IM,
For the treatment of acutely agitated pts and alcohol withdrawal

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24
Q

What Mood Stabilizing drugs do you need to know for the exam?

A

Lithium carbonate and lithium citrate

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25
Q

What disorders are mood stabilizers used for?

A

BPD
mania cycles
hypomania
depression

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26
Q

What is the drug of choice for mania? Why?

A

Lithium as it potentiate the serotonergic NT

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27
Q

T/F: Lithium has a wide therapeutic range?

A

F: Lithium has narrow therapeutic range and requires blood monitoring

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28
Q

What should the lithium serum levels be?

A

Acute mania: 1-1.5 mmol/L
Maintenance: 0.6-1.2 mmol/L

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29
Q

At what level do Lithium serum levels become toxic?

A

> 1.5 -2.0 mmol/L

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30
Q

Why do sodium levels need to stay between 135-145 with regards to lithium?

A

to help maintain therapeutic levels of lithium

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31
Q

What are the AEs of Lithium?

A

Cardiac dysrhythmias
drowsiness
slurred speech
seizures
ataxia

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32
Q

What are the first gen Antidepressants you need to know for the exam?

A

Tricyclics
MAOIs

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33
Q

What are the second gen Antidepressants you need to know for the exam?

A

SSRIs
SNRIs

34
Q

What line of drug are Tricyclic drugs used as?

A

Second line when newer drugs fail

35
Q

What is an example of Tricyclic drugs?

A

amitriptyline (Elavil®)

36
Q

What is the MOA of Tricyclic drugs?

A

Block the reuptake of NTs causing them to stop and collect at nerve endings

37
Q

What are Tricyclics used for?

A

Neuropathic pain, insomnia
Childhood enuresis (imipramine)
Obsessive compulsive disorders (OCDs) (clomipramine)
Sometimes, anorexia
migraines

38
Q

What are the AEs of Tricyclic drugs?

A

Sedation
Impotence
Orthostatic hypotension

39
Q

______ People die due to Tricyclic ODs before making it to hospital?

A

70-80% of OD cases due to seizure or dysrhythmias

40
Q

What is used to treat a Tricyclic OD

A

activated charcoal

41
Q

What is Amitriptyline commonly used to treat?

A

Insomnia, neuropathic pain

42
Q

When is Amitriptyline CTd?

A

allergy
recent MI
pregnancy

43
Q

What are MAOIs commonly used to treat?

A

Parkinson’s

44
Q

What is a disadvantage of MAOIs?

A

cause HTN crisis when taken with tyramine

45
Q

What must the pt be told in regards to MAOIs and tyramine?

A

When taken MAOIs avoid foods with tyramine to prevent HTN crisis and MI, CVA, coma, death

46
Q

What food contain tyramine?

A

Aged cheese
smoked and pickled meats, fish
yeast extracts
Red Wines
Italian broad beans

47
Q

What are the second gen Antidepressants you need to know for the exam?

A

bupropion (Wellbutrin®)
SNRI – duloxetine hydrochloride (Cymbalta)
SSRIs -fluoxetine (Prozac®))

48
Q

What are second gen antidepressants indicated for?

A

Depression
BPD
eating disorders
OCD
PTSD

49
Q

What are some AEs of second gen antidepressants?

A

Insomnia
wt gain
sexual dysfunction
Serotonin syndrome

50
Q

What is bupropion used for?

A

Smoking cessation
sexual adverse effects

51
Q

What was the first Nicotine free smoking cessation aid?

A

Zyban

52
Q

What is Duloxetine HCl used for?

A

depression, anxiety, neuropathic pain, osteoarthritis

53
Q

AEs of Duloxetine HCl?

A

Hepatotoxicity, GI upset, anorexia

54
Q

What dose Duloxetine interact with?

A

SSRIs, triptans, alcohol

55
Q

What can Duloxetine worsen?

A

glaucoma

56
Q

What is Fluoxetine used for?

A

Depression, OCD, panic disorders, Bulimia

57
Q

When is Fluoxetine CTd?

A

allergy
concurrent MAIO theapy

58
Q

What are Antipsychotics used for?

A

drug induced psychoses, schizophrenia, autism, mania, BPD, depression, Tourette’s

59
Q

What is an example of a first gen Antipsychotic?

A

Haloperidol

60
Q

What is an example of a second gen Antipsychotic?

A

Clozapine
Risperidone

61
Q

What is the MOA of Antipsychotics?

A

block dopamine receptors in the brain that are linked to emotions, cognition, and motor function causing a decrease in dopamine receptors = tranquilizing effect on pts

62
Q

What are the Positive symptoms of Schizophrenia?

A

hallucinations, delusions, and conceptual disorganization

63
Q

What are the negative symptoms of Schizophrenia?

A

apathy, social withdrawal, blunted affect, poverty of speech, and catatonia

64
Q

What are Antipsychotic Drugs used for?

A

Psychotic illness (schizophrenia)
Anxiety
mood disorders
antiemetics

65
Q

What are the AEs of Antipsychotic Drugs?

A

agranulocytosis
hemolytic anemia
NMS
EPS
Tardive dyskinesia

66
Q

What is EPS treated with?

A

benztropine (Cogentin®) and trihexyphenidyl (Artane®)

67
Q

What is haloperidol used for?

A

long term treatment of psychosis

68
Q

What is Haloperidol CTd for?

A

Parkinson’s
allergy
large amount of CNS depressants

69
Q

What are the Atypical Antipsychotics drugs you need to know for the exam?

A

Clozapine
Risperidone

70
Q

What is the MOA of Atypical Antipsychotics?

A

Block dopamine-2 receptors and Serotonin-2 receptors

71
Q

is Clozapine associated with EPS?

A

No

72
Q

What is a AE of Clozapine?

A

Blood dyscrasias

73
Q

What is a AE of Risperidone?

A

minimal EPS

74
Q

What is the typical dose of Risperidone?

A

1-6 mg/day

75
Q

What is St. John’s Wort used for?

A

depression
anxiety
sleep disorders
nerves

76
Q

What has a severe interaction with St. John’s Wort?

A

SSRIs
Tyramine containing food
MAIOs

77
Q

How much medication should be dispensed if the pt is at risk for a suicide attempt

A

Dispense a small amount to minimize risk of suicide attempts

78
Q

What dose a person taking chlorpromazine need to wear outside?

A

sunscreen due to photosensitivity

79
Q

What dose a person taking antipsychotics need to consider about antacids

A

avoid taking within 1 hour of dose

80
Q

what is the therapeutic range of lithium?

A

0.6 to 1.2 mmol/L

81
Q

Buspirone is classified as what?

A

Miscellaneous anxiolytic

82
Q
A

Pharmacology II (12 decks)

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