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Pharmacology II > Central Nervous System Stimulants and Related Drugs > Flashcards

Central Nervous System Stimulants and Related Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What do Central Nervous System Stimulants and Related Drugs do?

A

These drugs stimulate a specific are of the brain or spinal cord

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2
Q

What are examples of Excitatory NTs?

A

Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Serotonine

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3
Q

What are the major therapeutic uses of Central Nervous System Stimulants and Related Drugs?

A

anti–attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, antinarcoleptic, anorexiant, antimigraine, and analeptic drugs

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4
Q

Where is the site of action for CNS stimulate drugs?

A

in the CNS

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5
Q

What is ADHD

A

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

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6
Q

What population is ADHD more prevalent in?

A

Boys by 2-9 x more. May be related to underdiagnosing in girls.

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7
Q

What is the main symptom of ADHD?

A

inappropriate ability to maintain attention span, or hyperactivity and impulsivity

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8
Q

T/F: ADHD drugs work the same for adults and children

A

T

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9
Q

What is Nacrolepsy?

A

The incurable neurological conditions in which the patient will unexpectedly fall asleep

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10
Q

What is Cataplexy? What triggers it?

A

sudden acute skeletal muscle weakness. Triggered by strong emotion

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11
Q

What are the features of a migraine?

A

pulsatile quality with pain that worsens with each pulse
often occur on one side of the head
may cause Nausea, vomiting, patient avoids light and sounds

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12
Q

What drugs are used for ADHD and Narcolepsy?

A

Amphetamines: methylphenidate (Ritalin)
Nonamphetamine stimulant
Modafinil
Nonstimulant drugs
atomoxetine; also used to treat ADHD

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13
Q

What areas of the brain do Amphetamines stimulate?

A

Areas of the brain relating to metal alertness

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14
Q

What effects do Amphetamines have on the CNS?

A

Mood elevation or euphoria
Increased mental alertness and capacity for work
Decreased fatigue and drowsiness
Prolonged wakefulness

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15
Q

What effects do CNS stimulant drugs have on the respiratory system?

A

Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle
Increased respiration
Dilation of pulmonary arteries

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16
Q

What are the AEs of CNS stimulants? Speed up the Brain

A

Depends on the range but commonly Palpitations, tachycardia, hypertension, angina, anxiety, insomnia, headache, tremor, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dry mouth, increased metabolic rate, others

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17
Q

What Nonstimulant Drug is used to treat ADHD and Narcolepsy?

A

Atomoxetine

18
Q

What is one of the most commonly prescribed ADHD drugs?

A

Amphetamine asparate

19
Q

This drug is approved for treating ADHD in children > 6 yo

A

Atomoxetine HCl

20
Q

What thought may Atomoxetine HCl provoke?

A

Suicidal

21
Q

What are the Amphetamine drugs you need to know for the exam?

A

Atomoxetine HCl
Amphetamine Aspartate (adderall)
Methylphenidate HCl
Modafinil

22
Q

What is Modafinil used for?

A

improving wakefulness in pts associated with narcolepsy

23
Q

What drug has less potential for misuse than amphetamines and methylphenidate?

A

Modafinil

24
Q

What are Anorexiants used for?

A

Treatment of obesity

25
Q

T/F: Anorexiants are available in Canada?

A

F: they are not available in Canada and the effectiveness of them has yet to be proven

26
Q

What is the Anorexiants drug you need to know for the exam?

A

Orlistat

27
Q

How dose Orlistat work?

A

Inhibits absorption of caloric intake from fatty foods

28
Q

What are the AEs of Anorexiants?

A

Headache
Upper respiratory infection
Gastrointestinal (GI) distress
fecal incontinence

29
Q

What is the Antimigraine (serotonin agonists; triptans) drug you need to know for the exam?

A

sumatriptan

30
Q

What is the MOA of Antimigraine drugs?

A

Stimulate the 5-HT receptors to cause vasoconstriction
reduce the inflammation caused by neuropeptides

31
Q

What are the AEs of Triptans?

A

Vasoconstriction
Irritation at injection site
Tingling
flushing
congestion

32
Q

What are Analeptics used for today?

A

For neonatal apnea

33
Q

What is the example of Analeptic drug you need to know for the exam?

A

Caffeine

34
Q

Where can Caffeine be found?

A

OTC drug
food/ drinks
Prescribed

35
Q

In what patients do you need to use Caffeine with caution?

A

Peptic ulcer
Recent myocardial infarction
Dysrhythmias

36
Q

What is the MOA of Caffeine?

A

Antagonizes adenosine receptors

37
Q

What are the AEs of Analeptic drugs?

A

Stimulation of gastric secretions, diarrhea, and reflex tachycardia

Flushing, sweating

Elevated respiratory rate

Muscular tension and tremors

38
Q

What needs to be assessed for before and during Central Nervous System Stimulants and Related Drugs therapy?

A

contraindications

herbal interactions

abnormal cardiac rhythms, seizures, palpitations, liver problems

in children ht and wt

39
Q

When should ADHD drugs be given?

A

4-6 hrs before bed to reduce insomnia

30-45 mins before meal on empty stomach

40
Q

What are the nursing Implications for Anorexiants?

A

Follow instructions for diet and exercise.
Take in the morning.
Avoid caffeine.
Fat-soluble vitamin supplementation may be needed.

41
Q

What are the Nursing implications for Selective serotonin receptor agonists

A

Dissolvable wafers, nasal spray, and self-injectable forms

Provide specific teaching about correct administration

Instruct patients to keep a journal to monitor response to therapy.

42
Q
A

Pharmacology II (12 decks)

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