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Pharmacology II > Antiemetic and Antinausea Drugs > Flashcards

Antiemetic and Antinausea Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is Nausea?

A

A sensation that often leads to vomiting

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2
Q

What is Emesis?

A

The Forcible emptying of gastric and sometimes intestinal contents

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3
Q

What is the goal of Antiemetic drugs?

A

These drugs are used to relive nausea and vomiting

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4
Q

Once stimulated this will cause vomiting

A

Vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone

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5
Q

What are the three types of Nausea and vomiting

A

Chemotherapy induced
Postoperative
General

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6
Q

What are the three pathways that lead to the CTZ?

A

GI tract
Labyrinth (Inner ear)
Cerebral Cortex

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7
Q

What are the Classes of Antinausea Drugs?

A

Anticholinergics
Antihistamines
Antidopaminergic
Neurokinin antagonists
Prokinetic
Serotonin
Tetrahydro cannabinoids

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8
Q

What is the MOA of Antiemetics and Antinausea Drugs?

A

Most work by blocking one of the pathways that leads to the CTZ

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9
Q

Which drugs block the GI pathway?

A

Prokinetic drugs and Serotonin blockers

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10
Q

Which drugs block the labyrinth pathway?

A

Anticholinergics
Antihistamines
Neuroleptics
Prokinetic drugs

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11
Q

Which drugs block the Cerebral Cortex pathway?

A

Tetrahydro cannabinoids
Corticosteroids
benzodiazepines

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12
Q

Which drugs Block the CTZ?

A

Serotonin Blocker
Neuroleptics
Prokinetic Drugs

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13
Q

Which drug blocks the Vomit zone?

A

Serotonin Blockers

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14
Q

What are the indications of Antiemetics and Antinausea Drugs

A

General use of prevention and reduction of nausea and vomiting, but can vary depending on class of drug

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15
Q

What is the MOA of Anticholinergic Drugs Antiemetics and Antinausea Drug?

A

Blocks acetylcholine receptors in Labyrinth
Blocks transmissions to CTZ and vomiting center

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16
Q

What is an Example of Anticholinergic Antiemetics and Antinausea Drugs?

A

Scopolamine

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17
Q

What is the MOA of Antihistamine Antiemetics and Antinausea Drugs

A

Blocks binding of acetylcholine to H1 receptors
Prevents cholinergic stimuli in vestibular and reticular areas
Used in Motion sickness, nonproductive coughs, allergic reactions, and sedation

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18
Q

What are Indications of Antihistamines?

A

Nausea and vomiting, Motion sickness, nonproductive coughs, allergic reactions, and sedation

19
Q

What are some Examples of Antihistamine Antiemetics and Antinausea Drugs?

A

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Dimenhydrinate (Gravol)

20
Q

What is the MOA of Antidopaminergic Drugs?

A

Blocks dopamine receptors in the CTZ

21
Q

What are the indications of Antidopaminergic Drugs?

A

Nausea, vomiting, psychotic disorders, intractable hiccups

22
Q

What is an example of Antidopaminergic Antiemetics and Antinausea Drugs?

A

Prochlorperazine

23
Q

What is the MOA of Neurokinin Receptor antagonists?

A

Inhibits substance P receptors in the Brain stem

24
Q

What are the indications of Neurokinin Receptor Antagonists?

A

Used with: Serotonin and Glucocorticoids to inhibit acute chemotherapy induced vomiting

25
Q

What is an example of Neurokinin Antiemetics and Antinausea Drugs?

A

Aprepitant

26
Q

What is the MOA of Prokinetic Drugs?

A

Blocks dopamine receptors in CTZ and causes CTZ to become desensitized from GI transmissions. Causes the GI to empty faster

27
Q

What are the indications of Prokinetic Drugs?

A

Nausea and Vomiting, Gastrointestinal reflux

28
Q

What is an example of Prokinetic drugs?

A

Metoclopramide

29
Q

What is the MOA of Serotonin Blockers?

A

Block serotonin receptors in the GI tract, CTZ, and vomit center

30
Q

What are the indications for Serotonin Blockers?

A

Nausea, vomiting, in chemotherapy induced and post operative vomiting

31
Q

What is an example of Serotonin blocker Antiemetics and Antinausea Drugs?

A

Ondansetron

32
Q

What is the MOA of Tetrahydrocannabinoids?

A

Inhibitory effects in reticular formation, thalamus, and cerebral cortex

33
Q

What drug will alter a persons body’s perception and senses, and may reduce nausea and vomiting?

A

Tetrahydrocannabinoids

34
Q

What are the Indications of Tetrahydrocannabinoids?

A

nausea and vomiting, due to chemotherapy, anorexia, and AIDS

35
Q

What is an example of a Tetrahydrocannabinoids drug?

A

Medical marihuana

36
Q

What is Doxylamine Succinate, and Pyridoxine Hydrochloride used for?

A

Morning sickness (nausea and vomiting during morning sickness)

37
Q

What are the Adverse Effects of Antiemetics and Antinausea Drugs?

A

Varies according to drug use and are based on their nonselective blockade of receptors

38
Q

What is the Herbal product that is used for Nausea and vomiting?

A

Ginger

39
Q

What are the Adverse Effects of Ginger?

A

Anorexia
nausea
vomiting
skin reactions

40
Q

What interactions of ginger should a nurse be aware of?

A

increased absorption of oral meds
increased bleed risk with anticoagulants

41
Q

What dose a Nurse need to Asses when administering Antiemetics and Antinausea Drugs?

A

Nausea and vomiting hx
current meds
interactions and contraindications

42
Q

T/F: Antiemetics and Antinausea Drugs may cause drowsiness?

A

T

43
Q

_____ when taken with antiemetics may cause severe CNS depression

A

Alcohol

44
Q

How far in advance should antiemetics be given for Chemo patients?

A

Pharmacology II (12 decks)

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