Antifungal Drugs

Question 1

What are Fungal infections also known as?

Answer 1

One fungal infection is known as mycosis
A variety of fungi causing infection is known as mycoses

Question 2

What are some common areas of the body for Flora to grow?

Answer 2

Skin, intestine, vagina, mouth

Question 3

T/F: yeasts are single celled Fungi?

Answer 3

T

Question 4

How do yeasts reproduce?

Answer 4

Budding

Question 5

T/F: Moulds are single cellular?

Answer 5

F: moulds are multicellular

Question 6

What are the four general types of infections?

Answer 6

Cutaneous
Subcutaneous
Superficial
Systemic

Question 7

What is Candida albicans?

Answer 7

A common type of fungi that lives on the human body and may cause systemic infections after antibiotic therapy

Question 8

Growth of Candida albicans in the mouth is known as?

Answer 8

Thrushin children , or oral candidasis in adults

Question 9

Thrush is common in what demographic?

Answer 9

infants and immunocompromised patients

Question 10

Yeast infections are also known as?

Answer 10

Vaginal candidasis

Question 11

Who is at higher risk of having vaginal candidasis?

Answer 11

Pregnant women
women with diabetes
women taking oral contraceptives

Question 12

What are the two systemic antifungal drugs used to treat fungal infections?

Answer 12

Terbinafine, and Voriconazole

Question 13

What are the four Antifungal drug classes?

Answer 13

Triazoles
Echinocandins
Imidazoles
Polyenes

Question 14

What is the MOA of flucytosine?

Answer 14

disrupts fungal cells ability to synthesize DNA causing cell death

Question 15

What is the MOA of Griseofulvin?

Answer 15

This drug disrupts cell division inhibiting mitosis in fungal cells

Question 16

What is the MOA of Amphotericin B and Nystatin

Answer 16

Binds to sterols in fungal cell membranes causing death of the fungal cell by allowing electrolyes to leave the cell

Question 17

Dose amphotericin B and nystatin bind to human cells?

Answer 17

No they do not bind to human cells or kill human cells

Question 18

What is the MOA of ketoconazole and fluconazole?

Answer 18

the inhibit fungal cell’s P450 enzymes which causes the cell to leak causing altered cellular metabolism

Question 19

What is the MOA Of caspofungin?

Answer 19

It prevents the synthesis of glucans which are essential components of fungal cell walls

Question 20

What are the indications of Antifungal drugs?

Answer 20

depends on the type and location of infection

Question 21

What is the drug of choice for systemic fungal infections?

Answer 21

amphotericin B.

Question 22

Which drug can pass into the cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 22

Fluconazole

Question 23

What drug is effective in the treatment of Cryptococcal menigitis?

Answer 23

Fluconazole

Question 24

What are the contraindications of Antifungal drugs?

Answer 24

Allergies
liver or kidney failure

Question 25

What is a contraindication for Griseofulvin?

Answer 25

porphyria

Question 26

What drug is contraindicated for patients being treated for onychomycoses in patients with cardiac issues?

Answer 26

Itraconazole

Question 27

What drug can cause fetal harm or death?

Answer 27

Voriconazole

Question 28

What are the AEs of Amphotericin B?

Answer 28

Cardiac dysrhythmias Neurotoxicity; tinnitus; visual disturbances; paresthesias; convulsions Kidney toxicity, potassium loss, hypomagnesemia Pulmonary infiltrates Fever, chills, headache, nausea, occasional hypotension, gastrointestinal upset, anemia

Question 29

What types of drugs are used to prevent the AEs of antifungals?

Answer 29

antiemetics, antihistamines, antipyretics, and corticosteroids

Question 30

T/F: infusing antifungals over a longer period of time can reduce AEs?

Answer 30

T: usually over 2-6 hr

Question 31

What are the AEs of Fluconazole?

Answer 31

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, Increased liver enzymes Use with caution in patients with kidney or liver dysfunction

Question 32

What are the AEs of Nystatin (topical)

Answer 32

Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, rash, urticaria

Question 33

What dose the enzyme P450 do?

Answer 33

It is a necessary enzyme system that is needed to metabolize antifungal drugs

Question 34

What could happen if two antifungal drugs that are both metabolized by the P450 enzyme are administered at the same time? Why?

Answer 34

the levels of one drug could become higher because of the competition for the enzymes

Question 35

What needs to be assessed before and during Antifungal drug therapy?

Answer 35

hypersensitivity contraindications VS CBC liver and renal function cardiac function

Question 36

How often do VS need to be monitored while the patient is on IV antifungal drugs?

Answer 36

Q 15-30 mins

Question 37

T/F: IV pump infusions should be placed at the most proximal veins?

Answer 37

F: they should be placed at the most distal vein possible