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Pharmacology II > Diuretic Drugs > Flashcards

Diuretic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What do Diuretic Drugs Accelerate?

A

The formation of urine

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2
Q

What Do diuretic drugs aim to remove from the body?

A

Sodium and water

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3
Q

What are the conditions in which the use of Diuretic drugs could be therapeutic?

A

Heart Failure
HTN
Prevention of kidney damage and Kidney injury

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4
Q

What percentage of sodium and water is returned to the Blood stream?

A

60-70%

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5
Q

Where dose sodium and water return to the blood stream?

A

The proximal convoluted tubule

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6
Q

20-25 % of sodium and water is reabsorbed where?

A

In the ascending loop of Henle

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7
Q

5-10 % of of Sodium and water is reabsorbed where?

A

Distal convoluted tubule

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8
Q

List the Types of Diuretic Drugs

A

Carbonic Diuretics
Loop Diuretics
Osmotic Diuretics
Potassium-sparing diuretics
Thiazide and Thiazide-like Diuretics

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9
Q

What is the function of Anhydrase in the Kidneys?

A

Aids in the secretion of of hydrogen ions into the lumen of the tubules

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10
Q

What is the MOA of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors?

A

Block the action of carbonic anhydrase which prevents exchange of H+ with Na+ & H20. Causes reduction in H+ ions in renal tubules.

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11
Q

____, _____, _____, &, ______ will be excreted at a higher rate if a patients is taking Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors

A

Bicarbonate, sodium, water, and potassium

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12
Q

What are the Indications for Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors?

A

open angle glaucoma
miotics to lower intraocular pressure
edema
altitude sickness
epilepsy

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13
Q

What are the contraindications of Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors?

A

Allergy
hyponatremia
hypokalemia
sever kidney/liver dysfunction
adrenal; gland insufficiency
cirrhosis

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14
Q

What are the adverse effects of Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors?

A

Blood in the stool
acidosis
hypokalemia
drowsiness
anorexia
paresthesia
hematuria
urticaria
photosensitivity

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15
Q

What are the interactions of Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors?

A

hypokalemia when combined with digoxin or corticosteroids
cause increased effect of amphetamines, carbamazepine, cyclosporine, phenytoin

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16
Q

What is the Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitor you need to know for the exam?

A

acetazolamide

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17
Q

What are Loop diuretics MOA?

A

Block chloride and sodium reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle
Increase Prostaglandins = dilations of blood vessels to reduce kidney, pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance

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18
Q

What effect do Loop diuretics have on the body?

A

Decreases fluid volume causing decreased BP, Pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance, central venous pressure, potassium and sodium levels, slight calcium loss

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19
Q

What are the Indications of Loop Diuretics?

A

HTN
Edema
To increase excretion of calcium
heart Failure

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20
Q

What are the Adverse effects of Loop diuretics?

A

Dizziness, headache, blurred vision, NVD, neutropenia, Hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia

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21
Q

What are the Interactions of Loop diuretics?

A

Neurotoxic
Nephrotoxic
increased levels of uric acid, glucose
may interfere with the decrease of vascular resistance when taken with NSAID

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22
Q

Name the Loop diuretic drug you need to know for the exam

A

Furosemide

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23
Q

What type of Diuretic drug works along the entire nephron?

A

osmotic Diuretics

24
Q

What do Osmotic diuretics pull into the renal tubules?

A

water

25
Q

How do osmotic diuretics increase Diuresis?

A

They inhibit tubular reabsorption of water and solutes

26
Q

What effects do osmotic diuretics have on the body?

A

Increase GFR
help prevent kidney damage
reduce intracranial pressure cerebral edema
reduce excessive intraocular pressure

27
Q

What are the Indications for Osmotic Diuretics?

A

Oliguric phase of kidney damage(a reduction in urine output less than 400 mL/day)
promotes excretion of toxic substances
reduce intracranial pressure, and treats cerebral edema
irrigate for transurethral surgical procedures

28
Q

What are the Adverse effects of Osmotic diuretics?

A

Convulsions
thrombophlebitis
Pulmonary congestion
headaches
Chest pain
blurred vision
Chills, fever

29
Q

What is the osmotic Diuretic drug you need to know for the Exam?

A

Mannitol

30
Q

What route is Mannitol given?

A

IV

31
Q

What is the MOA of Potassium-Sparing Diuretics?

A

Work in Distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts where it:
Interferes with sodium and potassium exchange
competitively binds to aldosterone receptors
Blocks the reabsorption of sodium and water

32
Q

What Diuretic has the effects of blocking and inhibiting aldosterone, promote the excretion of water and sodium?

A

Potassium sparing Diuretics

33
Q

What are the Indications of Potassium sparing diuretics?

A

Hyperaldosteronism
HTN
Reverses potassium loss
Cases of Heart Failure

34
Q

What Body systems are effected by Potassium sparing Diuretics?

A

CNS: dizziness, headache
GI: Cramps, NVD
other: increased urination, weakness, hyperkalemia

35
Q

What are the Adverse effects specific to Spironolactone?

A

Gynecomastia(overdevelopmet of overgrowth of breast tissue in men)
Amenorrhea (absence of menstration)
Irregular Menses
Postmenopausal bleeding

36
Q

What do Potassium sparing diuretics interact with?

A

Lithium
ACE inhibitors
Potassium supplements
NSAIDs

37
Q

What is the Potassium Sparing Diuretic drug you need to know for the exam?

A

Spironolactone

38
Q

What drug class works by inhibiting tubular reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and potassium which results in osmotic water loss?

A

Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics

39
Q

When should Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics not be used?

A

if creatine clearance is less than 30 to 50 mL/min

40
Q

What are the Indications for Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics?

A

HTN
Edema
Idiopathic Hypercalciuria
Diabetes
heart failure due to diastolic dysfunction

41
Q

Diuretics cause a reduction in the secretion of what element?

A

Lithium

42
Q

What are the Adverse effects of Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics

A

Dizziness, Anorexia, Erectile dysfunction, Jaundice, leukopenia, urticaria, Hypokalemia, hyperglycemia

43
Q

What is the Thiazide Diuretic you need to know for the exam?

A

hydrochlorothiazide

44
Q

When should patients Take Diuretic medication and why?

A

In the Moring to avoid interfering with sleep patterns

45
Q

What medication is at risk of crystallization?

A

Mannitol

46
Q

When should patients not be instructed to eat potassium rich foods?

A

when taking potassium sparing diuretics

47
Q

What are some foods high in potassium?

A

Bananas, oranges, potatoes, beans, tomatoes

48
Q

What drug can be toxic when taken with a Duiretic?

A

Digoxin

49
Q

What dose aldosterone do in the kidnesys?

A

Helps sodium and water go back into the blood stream

50
Q

When taking what class of diuretic should a diabetic patient check their CBG often?

A

Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics or Loop Diuretics

51
Q

Patents with dizziness, or NVD could be experiencing what?

A

A fluid or electrolyte imbalance

52
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of Hypokalemia?

A

Anorexia nausea, lethargy, muscle weakness, hypotension, mental confusion

53
Q

What candy when consumed excessively can cause additive hypokalemia when taking thiazides?

A

Licorice

54
Q

What should be Monitored for when taking Potassium sparing diuretics?

A

Hyperkalemia

55
Q

What Adverse effects should be monitored for when taking any Diuretic?

A

Metabolic alkalosis, drowsiness, lethargy, hypokalemia, tachycardia, hypotension, leg cramps, restlessness, decreased mental alertness

56
Q

What are the therapeutic effects of Diuretics?

A

Reduction of edema
Reduction of fluid volume overload
Improvement in manifestations of heart failure
Reduction of hypertension
Return to normal intraocular pressures

Pharmacology II (12 decks)

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