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Diuretic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What do Diuretic Drugs Accelerate?

A

The formation of urine

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2
Q

What Do diuretic drugs aim to remove from the body?

A

Sodium and water

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3
Q

What are the conditions in which the use of Diuretic drugs could be therapeutic?

A

Heart Failure
HTN
Prevention of kidney damage and Kidney injury

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4
Q

What percentage of sodium and water is returned to the Blood stream?

A

60-70%

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5
Q

Where dose sodium and water return to the blood stream?

A

The proximal convoluted tubule

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6
Q

20-25 % of sodium and water is reabsorbed where?

A

In the ascending loop of Henle

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7
Q

5-10 % of of Sodium and water is reabsorbed where?

A

Distal convoluted tubule

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8
Q

List the Types of Diuretic Drugs

A

Carbonic Diuretics
Loop Diuretics
Osmotic Diuretics
Potassium-sparing diuretics
Thiazide and Thiazide-like Diuretics

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9
Q

What is the function of Anhydrase in the Kidneys?

A

Aids in the secretion of of hydrogen ions into the lumen of the tubules

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10
Q

What is the MOA of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors?

A

Block the action of carbonic anhydrase which prevents exchange of H+ with Na+ & H20. Causes reduction in H+ ions in renal tubules.

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11
Q

____, _____, _____, &, ______ will be excreted at a higher rate if a patients is taking Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors

A

Bicarbonate, sodium, water, and potassium

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12
Q

What are the Indications for Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors?

A

open angle glaucoma
miotics to lower intraocular pressure
edema
altitude sickness
epilepsy

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13
Q

What are the contraindications of Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors?

A

Allergy
hyponatremia
hypokalemia
sever kidney/liver dysfunction
adrenal; gland insufficiency
cirrhosis

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14
Q

What are the adverse effects of Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors?

A

Blood in the stool
acidosis
hypokalemia
drowsiness
anorexia
paresthesia
hematuria
urticaria
photosensitivity

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15
Q

What are the interactions of Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors?

A

hypokalemia when combined with digoxin or corticosteroids
cause increased effect of amphetamines, carbamazepine, cyclosporine, phenytoin

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16
Q

What is the Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitor you need to know for the exam?

A

acetazolamide

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17
Q

What are Loop diuretics MOA?

A

Block chloride and sodium reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle
Increase Prostaglandins = dilations of blood vessels to reduce kidney, pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance

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18
Q

What effect do Loop diuretics have on the body?

A

Decreases fluid volume causing decreased BP, Pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance, central venous pressure, potassium and sodium levels, slight calcium loss

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19
Q

What are the Indications of Loop Diuretics?

A

HTN
Edema
To increase excretion of calcium
heart Failure

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20
Q

What are the Adverse effects of Loop diuretics?

A

Dizziness, headache, blurred vision, NVD, neutropenia, Hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia

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21
Q

What are the Interactions of Loop diuretics?

A

Neurotoxic
Nephrotoxic
increased levels of uric acid, glucose
may interfere with the decrease of vascular resistance when taken with NSAID

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22
Q

Name the Loop diuretic drug you need to know for the exam

A

Furosemide

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23
Q

What type of Diuretic drug works along the entire nephron?

A

osmotic Diuretics

24
Q

What do Osmotic diuretics pull into the renal tubules?

25
How do osmotic diuretics increase Diuresis?
They inhibit tubular reabsorption of water and solutes
26
What effects do osmotic diuretics have on the body?
Increase GFR help prevent kidney damage reduce intracranial pressure cerebral edema reduce excessive intraocular pressure
27
What are the Indications for Osmotic Diuretics?
Oliguric phase of kidney damage(a reduction in urine output less than 400 mL/day) promotes excretion of toxic substances reduce intracranial pressure, and treats cerebral edema irrigate for transurethral surgical procedures
28
What are the Adverse effects of Osmotic diuretics?
Convulsions thrombophlebitis Pulmonary congestion headaches Chest pain blurred vision Chills, fever
29
What is the osmotic Diuretic drug you need to know for the Exam?
Mannitol
30
What route is Mannitol given?
IV
31
What is the MOA of Potassium-Sparing Diuretics?
Work in Distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts where it: Interferes with sodium and potassium exchange competitively binds to aldosterone receptors Blocks the reabsorption of sodium and water
32
What Diuretic has the effects of blocking and inhibiting aldosterone, promote the excretion of water and sodium?
Potassium sparing Diuretics
33
What are the Indications of Potassium sparing diuretics?
Hyperaldosteronism HTN Reverses potassium loss Cases of Heart Failure
34
What Body systems are effected by Potassium sparing Diuretics?
CNS: dizziness, headache GI: Cramps, NVD other: increased urination, weakness, hyperkalemia
35
What are the Adverse effects specific to Spironolactone?
Gynecomastia(overdevelopmet of overgrowth of breast tissue in men) Amenorrhea (absence of menstration) Irregular Menses Postmenopausal bleeding
36
What do Potassium sparing diuretics interact with?
Lithium ACE inhibitors Potassium supplements NSAIDs
37
What is the Potassium Sparing Diuretic drug you need to know for the exam?
Spironolactone
38
What drug class works by inhibiting tubular reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and potassium which results in osmotic water loss?
Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics
39
When should Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics not be used?
if creatine clearance is less than 30 to 50 mL/min
40
What are the Indications for Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics?
HTN Edema Idiopathic Hypercalciuria Diabetes heart failure due to diastolic dysfunction
41
Diuretics cause a reduction in the secretion of what element?
Lithium
42
What are the Adverse effects of Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics
Dizziness, Anorexia, Erectile dysfunction, Jaundice, leukopenia, urticaria, Hypokalemia, hyperglycemia
43
What is the Thiazide Diuretic you need to know for the exam?
hydrochlorothiazide
44
When should patients Take Diuretic medication and why?
In the Moring to avoid interfering with sleep patterns
45
What medication is at risk of crystallization?
Mannitol
46
When should patients not be instructed to eat potassium rich foods?
when taking potassium sparing diuretics
47
What are some foods high in potassium?
Bananas, oranges, potatoes, beans, tomatoes
48
What drug can be toxic when taken with a Duiretic?
Digoxin
49
What dose aldosterone do in the kidnesys?
Helps sodium and water go back into the blood stream
50
When taking what class of diuretic should a diabetic patient check their CBG often?
Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics or Loop Diuretics
51
Patents with dizziness, or NVD could be experiencing what?
A fluid or electrolyte imbalance
52
What are some signs and symptoms of Hypokalemia?
Anorexia nausea, lethargy, muscle weakness, hypotension, mental confusion
53
What candy when consumed excessively can cause additive hypokalemia when taking thiazides?
Licorice
54
What should be Monitored for when taking Potassium sparing diuretics?
Hyperkalemia
55
What Adverse effects should be monitored for when taking any Diuretic?
Metabolic alkalosis, drowsiness, lethargy, hypokalemia, tachycardia, hypotension, leg cramps, restlessness, decreased mental alertness
56
What are the therapeutic effects of Diuretics?
Reduction of edema Reduction of fluid volume overload Improvement in manifestations of heart failure Reduction of hypertension Return to normal intraocular pressures

Pharmacology II (12 decks)

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