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Pharmacology II > Antiviral Drugs > Flashcards

Antiviral Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: A virus can replicate on it’s own?

A

F: a virus can not replicate on it’s own

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1
Q

How dose a Virus replicate?

A

It must attach to a host and use the host’s energy and resources synthetize it’s DNA or RNA

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2
Q

Why are Virus so hard to kill?

A

Because they live inside human cells, so anything that can kill the virus will probably kill the human cell

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3
Q

What is the Goal of Antiviral Drugs?

A

To kill or suppress the virus
To inhibit the replication of the virus

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4
Q

What are Immunoglobins?

A

Concentrated antibodies that can attack or destroy viruses

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5
Q

What viruses are currently controlled by antiviral therapy?

A

CMV
Hepatitis
Herpesvirus
HIV
the flu
RSV

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6
Q

What are the 4 characteristics of Antiviral drugs?

A

They are able to enter into hosts cells that are infected with the virus
The can interfere with virus DNA synthesis
They prevent the fusion process
The can promotes the hosts immune system

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7
Q

Who has the best response to antiviral drugs?

A

people with competent immune systems

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8
Q

Why do healthy immune systems complement antiviral drugs?

A

they can work together to eliminate the virus

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9
Q

What are Opportunistic infections ?

A

infections of any MO that normally occur in immunocompromised patients

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10
Q

What is the difference between Antiviral and Antiretroviral drugs?

A

Antiviral drugs treat infections other that HIV
Antiretroviral drugs specifically treat HIV

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11
Q

What is the MOA of Antiviral drugs?

A

Block the activity of polymerase (enzyme which stimulates creation of viral genome)

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12
Q

What viruses can Antiviral drugs treat?

A

Influenza
HSV, VZV
CMV
Hep A,B,C

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13
Q

What are the AEs of Antiviral drugs?

A

depends on the drug
causes the death of healthy cells

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14
Q

What are the Antiviral drugs you need to know for the exam?

A

amantadine hydrochloride
acyclovir
ganciclovir hydrochloride

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15
Q

____ is the only viral infection that Amantadine is effective against

A

Influenza A

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16
Q

What effects can Amantadine cause?

A

Insomnia
Nervousness
light-headedness
Nausea
anorexia

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17
Q

______ is used to suppress HSV 1, 2 and VZV

A

Acyclovir

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18
Q

What routes can Acyclovir be given?

A

Oral
Topical
Parenteral

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19
Q

What type of infection is Ganciclovir used to treat?

A

Infections caused by CMV

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20
Q

What toxic effect dose Ganciclovir have?

A

Bone marrow suppression

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21
Q

What toxic effect dose Foscarnet and cidofovir have?

A

Kidney toxicity

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22
Q

What is the Antiviral Neuraminidase Inhibitors drug you need to know for the exam?

A

oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza)

23
Q

______ is effective against Influenza A and B

A

oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza)

24
Q

What route is oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu) given?

A

oral only

25
Q

What are AEs of Oseltamivir?

A

Nausea and Vomiting

26
Q

What route is Zanamivir given?

A

Inhalation

27
Q

What are the AEs of Zanamivir?

A

diarrhea, nausea, sinusitis

28
Q

When should treatment of oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza) begin?

A

within two days of flu symptom onset

29
Q

What is the leading cause of chronic liver disease and liver transplant?

A

Hep C

30
Q

What Antiviral drug is used against Hep C?

A

Ribavirin

31
Q

What is the inhalation form of Ribavirin used for?

A

hospitalized infants with RSV

32
Q

What are the Four stages of HIV?

A

Stage 1: Asymptomatic infection
Stage 2: Early, general symptoms of disease
Stage 3: Moderate symptoms
Stage 4: Severe symptoms, including AIDS-defining illnesses, often leading to death

33
Q

What are the Five classes of Antiretroviral Drugs?

A

Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Protease inhibitors
Fusion inhibitor
Entry inhibitor
Integrase inhibitors

34
Q

What are the two subclasses of Reverse transcriptase inhibitors?

A

Nucleoside Reverse transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTI)
Non-Nucleoside Reverse transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTI)

35
Q

How to Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors work?

A

they block the actions of the enzyme transcriptase which allows viruses to synthesis DNA

36
Q

How do Protease inhibitors work?

A

They inhibit the actions of protease which is responsible for viral replication

37
Q

How do fusion inhibitors work?

A

they stop viral fusion which prevents viral replication

38
Q

What class of Antiretroviral Drug is Indinavir?

A

Protease inhibitor

39
Q

What class of Antiretroviral drug is Zidovudine?

A

Reverse transcriptase inhibitor

40
Q

What is a major dose limiting AE of Zidovudine?

A

Bone marrow suppression

41
Q

What drug is often used with Zidovudine to avoid Bone marrow suppression?

A

Didanosine

42
Q

What class of Antiretroviral drug is Enfuvirtide?

A

Fusion inhibitor

43
Q

What is the only approved route for Enfuvirtide?

A

injectable form

44
Q

What is the goal of Antiretroviral drugs?

A

to find the best drug or combo that best controls the infection while limiting AEs.

45
Q

T/F: Antiretroviral drug regimes can change during the course of illness?

A

T

46
Q

What combo of drugs is used when a healthcare worker may have been exposed to HIV?

A

Tenofovir (NRTI) + Lamivudine (NRTI) + Raltegravir (integrase inhibitor)

47
Q

What needs to be assessed before and during Antiviral drug therapy?

A

Allergic reaction
Med Hx
underlying diseases
baseline VS
nutritional status
drug interactions

48
Q

Why dose handwashing need to be emphasized after med admin?

A

to prevent spread of infection on person or to others

49
Q

the patient should wear ______ while applying meds

A

gloves or finger cot

50
Q

T/F: Antiviral drugs are cures to the infection?

A

F: they only help manage the symptoms associated with the infection

51
Q

what else can Amantadine be used for?

A

Parkinson’s disease

52
Q

What needs to be done before giving Ganciclovir?

A

CBC with differential to prevent bone marrow suppression

53
Q

Which drug can be given prophylactically Oseltamivir or Zanamivir?

A

Only Oseltamivir can be given prophylactically. Zanamivir can only be used to treat active influenza

54
Q

What needs to happen when a patient is taking Zidovudine to prevent esophageal irritation

A

keep patient upright for 30 mins

55
Q

What is the most worrisome AE of Antiviral drugs?

A

bone marrow suppression

56
Q
A

Pharmacology II (12 decks)

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