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Abnormal Psych Final > Substance Abuse And Addictive Disorders > Flashcards

Substance Abuse And Addictive Disorders Flashcards

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0
Q

Withdrawal

A

Body becomes dependent on the substance, painful symptoms when substance is withheld

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1
Q

Tolerance

A

Brain and body adjust to the use of a substance, more is required to feel its effects

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2
Q

General prevalence rates for substance abuse

A

8.9% of teens and adults in a given year
11-20% seek treatment
Rates highest among Native Americans lowest in Asian Americans

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3
Q

Changes in the DSM-5

A

Different categories collapsed into one diagnosis, criteria based on specific substance

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4
Q

Substance use disorder

A

A problematic pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress

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5
Q

Alcohol intoxication

A

Recent ingestion of alcohol, clinically significant problematic behavior or psychological changes, slurred speech, lack of coordination, nystagmus, stupor or coma

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6
Q

Alcohol withdrawal

A

Cessation or reduction in alcohol use that has been heavy and prolonged with two of the following: autonomic hyperactivity, hand tremor, insomnia, nausea, hallucinations, anxiety, seizures

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7
Q

Depressants

A

Alcohol
Sedatives
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines

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8
Q

Effects of alcohol

A

Depresses the brain, causes liver disease, pancreatitis, cardiovascular disorders, brain damage

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9
Q

Alcohol Use Stats

A

~50% over the age of twelve consume
Highest rates in whites, lowest in native Hawaiians
23% binge drink (42% of college kids)

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10
Q

Alcohol Use Disorder Stats

A

4.6% in a given year (12-17)
8.5% in a given year (18+)
Higher in men than women

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11
Q

Alcohol intoxication stats

A

44% of 12th grade students

70% of high school students

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12
Q

Alcohol withdrawal stats

A 
50% of middle class
80% of the hospitalized and homeless
Less than 10% experience delirium or seizures
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13
Q

Barbiturates

A

Sedatives used for sleep assistance
Act as muscle relaxers, similar to alcohol intoxication, may enter a paralysis of the diaphragm to the point of suffocation

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14
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Anxiolytics, date rape drug, Xanax and Valium, induces calm and sleep, can quickly result in tolerance, fatal when combined with alcohol

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15
Q

Sedative, hypnotic, and anxiolytics stats

A

0.3% in a year
Higher in adult males than females
Opposite in teens

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16
Q

Stimulants

A

Amphetamines, cocaine, nicotine, caffeine

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17
Q

Amphetamines

A

Manufactured, reduction in fatigue, elation, energy, significant crash, ecstasy, and crystal meth

18
Q

Amphetamine use disorder stats

A

0.2%

Equal in males and females

19
Q

Cocaine

A

Effects short lived, increases blood pressure and pulse, can cause paranoia, exaggerated fears, can be fatal

20
Q

Cocaine Use Disorder

A

0.2-0.3%

Higher in males than females

21
Q

Nicotine

A

21% currently smoke
No real intoxication phase, but significant withdrawal effects
Activates the pleasure pathway

22
Q

Caffeine

A

90% use caffeine
Improves mood and decreases fatigue
Withdrawal may include headaches, drowsiness, and irritability

23
Q

Opioids

A

Naturally occurring and synthetic chemicals that have the effects of narcotics (heroin, oxycodone, hydrocodone)
Withdrawal can occur in a matter of hours without the drug

24
Q

Opioid use disorder stats

A

0.37%-1%

Higher in males than females

25
Q

Hallucinogens

A

LSD, mescaline, psilocybin, PCP

Change how individuals perceive the world by distorting the five senses

26
Q

LSD effects

A

Synthetic, produce intensified perceptual experiences, rapid heartbeat, sweating, effects last a few hours, tolerance develops very quickly, may produce psychotic reactions

27
Q

Hallucinogen use disorder stats

A

.5%-.1% in a given year

Higher in adult males than females, opposite for teens

28
Q

PCP

A

Synthetic produced in 1926 as an anesthetic, produces numbness, intoxication, convulsions, paranoia, hallucinations, changes in mood, may increase suicidal behavior, stays in the body for 8+ days

29
Q

PCP use disorder stats

A

Unknown

2.5% of the pop reports use in a lifetime

30
Q

Cannabis (Marijuana)

A

Most commonly used illegal substance, effects are variable, associated with impairments in memory, concentration, relationships, work, potentially significant medical side effects

31
Q

Cannabis use disorder stats

A

3.4% for 12-17
1.5% for 18+
Higher in males than females

32
Q

Inhalants

A

Spray paint, hair spray, paint thinner

Rapidly absorbed in the bloodstream and produces a high

Risk of death and brain damage

33
Q

Gambling disorder

A

Persistent and recurrent problematic gambling behavior leading to clinically significant impairment or distress

34
Q

Biological causes of substance use disorder

A

Family and genetics, activation of he pleasure and reward pathways

35
Q

Psychological causes of substance use disorder

A

Positive and negative reinforcement which both encourage behaviors

36
Q

Expectancy effect

A

The way individuals experiences the effects of the drugs is due in part to how they expect to react

Acting drunk when they have received no alcohol

37
Q

Cravings

A

Very intense, can derail abstinence

Can be turned on by memories access, moods, small doses

38
Q

Social factors in substance use

A

Exposure makes it more likely, parents may transmit behaviors to children or lack supervision

39
Q

Treatment for substance use disorder

A

Agonists, antagonists, aversive, inpatient treatment, AA or other groups, controlled use, motivational interviewing, CBT

40
Q

Agonists

A

Safe drug replaces an abused substance

Nicotine gum for cigarettes

41
Q

Antagonists

A

Instead of producing a pleasurable effect, these medications produce withdrawal symptoms which should train the individual to avoid the drug

42
Q

Aversive

A

Antabuse is used to produce highly unpleasant symptoms when substance is ingested

Abnormal Psych Final (15 decks)

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