Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence Flashcards
Treatment for Childhood Anxiety Disorders
Psychodynamic, CBT, family therapy, group therapy, play therapy
CBT is best
Separation Anxiety Disorder
Developmentally inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from those to whom the individual is attached
4% in kids, 1.6% in teens
Major Depressive Disorder
Same criteria as for adults, may often experience irritability instead of sadness
8% of teens, particular risk for girls
Different treatment, antidepressants are not safe
Bipolar Disorder in Kids
Massive increases in diagnoses in kids, may reflect a diagnostic trend rather than an increase in the disease
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
Severe recurrent temper outbursts manifested verbally/behaviorally that are grossly out of proportion in intensity to the situation three or more times a week
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
A persistent patten of in attention and or hyperactivity that interferes with functioning or development present in multiple settings
May be hyperactive, inattentive, or both
ADHD stats
5% school age kids worldwide
Boys 2x more likely to be diagnosed
Chronic course throughout lifespan
Causes of ADHD
Strong genetic component, neurotransmitters dopamine serotonin and GABA implicated, 3-4% less global brain volume, mothers smoke during pregnancy, low socioeconomic status, family conflict, negative responses
Treatments for ADHD
Stimulants like Ritalin and Adderall, SNRIs, CBT, reinforcement programs, parent management and social skills building
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior or vindictiveness
1-11%, average estimate of 3.3%
Conduct Disorder
Repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age appropriate societal norms or rules are violated, aggression toward people/animals, destruction of property, theft, violations
Conduct Disorder Stats
2-10%, average of 4%
Higher in males than females
Causes of ODD and CD
Genetics, parents are antisocial, excessively angry, or have substance/mood disorders or schizophrenia, associated with drug abuse, poverty, trauma, family conflict, poor parent relationships
ODD and CD Treatment
Parent-Child interaction therapy, parent management training, problem solving skills training, anger and coping and coping power programs, stimulants
Neurodevelpomental Disorders
Disorders that begin in childhood and will not resolve throughout then lifetime
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, restrictive repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities, extreme rigidity, lack of responsiveness
ASD stats
1% in the US
Male to female 4:1
90% remain impaired through adulthood
ASD causes
Genetics, prenatal and birth complications (mothers exposure to rubella, anoxia, hypoxia), abnormally structured cerebellum, abnormalities in limbic system and brain stem, failure to develop theory of mind
Autism and Vaccines
Vaccines do not cause autism, study was retracted and findings were falsified, rates in those who receive vaccines are the same as those who did not
ASD treatment
CBT, applied behavior analysis, communication training, parent training
All are more effective if ASD is diagnosed and intervened in early
Intellectual Developmental Disorder
Deficits in intellectual functions, deficits in adaptive functioning that result in failure to meet developmental and sociocultural standards, onset during the developmental period. May be mild, moderate, severe, or profound
Ranges of Intellectual Disability
Borderline: IQ between 71-84
Mild: 55-70, 85% of those with ID
Moderate: 40-54, 10%
Profound: below 25, 1-2%
ID Causes
Genetic and chromosomal abnormalities, pregnancy and birth complications, abuse, neglect, social deprivation, illness and infection, toxins
ID treatment
No meds, psychosocial that focuses on teaching independence skills, communication training, supported employment, mainstream inclusion efforts
