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Abnormal Psych Final > Models Of Abnormality > Flashcards

Models Of Abnormality Flashcards

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0
Q

Equifinality

A

Similar outcomes stem from a variety of experiences

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1
Q

Model/Paradigm

A

A set of assumptions and concepts that help and interpret observations

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2
Q

Multifinality

A

Many outcomes stem from similar early experiences

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3
Q

Structures that make up the brain stem

A

Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain

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4
Q

Brain structures that make up the limbic system

A

Hippocampus, cingulate gyrus, amygdala

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5
Q

The diathesis-stress model

A

Biological and psychological vulnerability interact with environmental stress to determine how likely a person is to develop a disorder

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6
Q

Unconditional positive regard

A

Providing a positive, accepting environment for clients in order for them to recover better and learn positive self-regard

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7
Q

Central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord

Processes information, commands the body, relays messages, controls reflexes

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8
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Maintains all nerves and and neurons not in the brain and spinal cord

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9
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Carries information to voluntary muscles

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10
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Contains all involuntary muscles

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11
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Mobilizes the fight or flight response

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12
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Stimulation of rest and digest, returns the body back to a normal state

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13
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Functions of reasoning, self control, emotion, regulation, executive functions

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14
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Integration of sensory signals

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15
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Functions of memory, auditory processing

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16
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Integration of visual information

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17
Q

Serotonin

A

Regulates appetite, sleep/wake cycle, expression of emotion

Associated with regulatory, OCD, and mood disorders

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18
Q

Dopamine

A

Regulates reward driven behavior, extroversion vs. introversion

Implicated in Parkinson’s and schizophrenia

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19
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Regulates attention and emotional response

Controls fight or flight response

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20
Q

GABA

A

Primary inhibitory neurotransmitter

Implicated in anxiety disorders

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21
Q

Humanistic therapy

A

Emphasizes self awareness, meaning making, and freedom of choice

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22
Q

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

A

Combination of cognitive and behavioral therapies, most empirically supported treatment

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23
Q

Cognitive distortions

A

Mind reading, catastrophizing, labeling, discounting the positive, over generalization, all or none thinking, shoulda

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24
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

Adds a desirable consequence

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25
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

Removes and undesirable consequence

26
Q

Positive punishment

A

Adds an undesirable consequence

27
Q

Negative punishment

A

Removes a desirable consequence

28
Q

Id

A

Division of the personality that contains life and death instincts and operates on the pleasure principle

29
Q

Ego

A

Logical/rational division of personality which operates in the conscious system and satisfies id urges by the reality principle

30
Q

Superego

A

Moral component of personality, sets guidelines and limits the ego

31
Q

Preconscious

A

Thoughts feelings memories not consciously aware but may easily be brought forward

32
Q

Conscious

A

Thoughts etc that a person is aware of at a given moment

33
Q

Unconscious

A

Primary motivating force that never been conscious, contains repressed memories, instincts, desires, etc

34
Q

Unconditioned stimulus

A

Stimulus that elicits an unlearned response

35
Q

Unconditioned response

A

Response elicited by a UCS

36
Q

Conditioned stimulus

A

Neutral stimulus that after paring with a UCS elicits a CR

37
Q

Conditioned response

A

Leaned response to a CS after repeated pairing

38
Q

Neuron

A

A nerve cell

39
Q

Synapse

A

The tiny space between the nerve ending of one neuron and the dendrite of another

40
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

A chemical that is released by one neuron and crosses the synapse to be received at the receptors on the neighboring neuron

41
Q

Receptor

A

A site on a neuron that receives a neurotransmitter

42
Q

Hormones

A

Chemicals released by endocrines in the bloodstream

43
Q

Genes

A

Chromosome segments that control the characteristics and traits we inherit

44
Q

Psychotropic medications

A

Drugs that primarily affect the brain and reduce many symptoms of mental dysfunctioning

45
Q

Fixation

A

According to Freud, a condition in which the id, ego, and superego do not mature properly and are frozen at an early stage of development

46
Q

Biological model

A

Human behavior has a significant biological component

47
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Coordination and movement, voluntary movement, cognition

48
Q

Cerebellum

A

“Little brain”, associated with balance, fine motor coordination, muscle tone, learning and memory

49
Q

Defense mechanisms

A

Aspect of psychoanalytic theory, used by the ego to defend against anxiety and maintain self esteem

Displacement, projection, rationalization, reaction formation, repression, regression, sublimation, denial, intellectualization

50
Q

Behavioral model

A

Focus on external and internal behaviors, the importance of learned behaviors

51
Q

Classical conditioning

A

An organism learns to associate one stimulus with another

Pavlov

52
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Behavior is learned based on rewards and punishment

53
Q

Shaping

A

Gradually molding desired behavior by reinforcing any movement in the direction of the desired response

54
Q

Successive approximation

A

A series of gradual steps each more similar to the final desired response

55
Q

Extinction

A

The weakening and eventual disappearance of the conditioned response as a result of withheld reinforcement

56
Q

Modeling

A

Learning behavior via observation and imitation

57
Q

Systematic desensitization

A

Step by step treatment designed to gradually change behavioral reactions to phobic stimuli

58
Q

Cognitive model

A

Field of study that examines how humans acquire, process, store, and retrieve information

59
Q

Cognitive therapy

A

Focuses on developing new, more adaptive ways of thinking

60
Q

Learned helplessness

A

When we feel like we lack control we stop trying

Researched by Martin Seligman

61
Q

Sociocultural model

A

Abnormal behaviors stem from an individual’s cultural norms, social roles, social labels, expectations, and family structure/communication

62
Q

Family social treatments

A

Group therapy, family therapy, couples therapy, community based treatments

Abnormal Psych Final (15 decks)

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