Personality Disorders Flashcards
Key features of personality disorders
Enduring, highly chronic, not diagnosed before the age of 18
A personality disorder is…
An enduring maladaptive pattern for relating to the environment and self, exhibited in a range of contexts
Rigid in inward experiences and outward behavior
General PD stats
Rare in the general pop, but quite common in inpatient settings
0.5-2.5% compared to 10-30%
Cluster A
Odd or eccentric
Paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal
Cluster B
Dramatic, emotional, erratic
Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic
Cluster C
Anxious or fearful
Avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive
Paranoid personality disorder
A pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their moments are interpreted as malevolent
2.3-4.4%
PPD causes and treatments
Genetic, maladaptive cognitive patterns
Rarely receive treatment, therapy is thwarted by their distrust of the therapist
Schizoid PD
Pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression in emotions in interpersonal settings, usually chooses solitary settings, appears indifferent, shows emotional coldness
Schizoid stats, treatment
3.1-4.9%
More common and severe in males
Treatment focuses on building social and emotional skills
Causes of Schizoid PD
High rates of childhood abuse and neglect, may be genetically related to autism and schizophrenia
Schizotypal PD
Pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with close relationships, as well as cognitive or perceptual distortions or eccentricities of behavior
0.6-4.6%
Schizotypal PD treatment and causes
Brain abnormalities, high dopamine, enlarged ventricles, loss of grey matter
Multimodal treatments: antipsychotic meds plus social skills training
Many have MDD that brings them in
Avoidant PD
Pervasive patter of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
2.4%
APD characteristics
Extreme sensitivity to the opinions of others, fear of rejection, few interpersonal relationships, careful planned expressions, specific fear of relationships
Avoidant PD causes and treatment
May be linked to social anxiety disorder, early experiences in rejection, neglect, isolation, lack of affection
Behavioral interventions, reduction in anxiety, building social skills
Dependent PD
Pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation
0.49-0.6%
Dependent PD causes and treatment
Disruption of socialization process of becoming more independent, early attachment issues
Emphasis on building self confidence, assertiveness, challenging negative thoughts, may become dep. on therapist
OCD PD
Pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency
2.1-7.9%
Common Comorbidities with OCD PD
MDD, generalized anxiety disorder, substance use
OCD PD causes and treatment
History of difficulty asserting control and independence, series of illogical thinking processes
Rarely seek treatment, relaxation techniques, CBT, possibly SSRIs
Histrionic PD
Pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking
1.84%
Histrionic PD Characertistics
Provocative behavior, uncomfortable when not the center of attention, shall expression of emotions, dramatic, easily upset when criticized, may be manipulative
Histrionic PD Causes and Treatment
Unhealthy caregiver relationships, abandonment, suggestibility and shallowness
Seek treatment willingly, change belief of helplessness, increase thinking and problem solving abilities
