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Abnormal Psych Final > Chap 1: Abnormal Behaviors Past and Present > Flashcards

Chap 1: Abnormal Behaviors Past and Present Flashcards

0
Q

Scientist Practitioner Model

A

Those who practice in psychology must participate in or at least consume research (treatment requires up to date information and should be empirically supported)

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1
Q

Primary differences between psychologists and psychiatrists

A

Earn different degrees (MD vs. Ph.D)
MDs have no training in psychotherapy
MDs write prescriptions
Psychologists emphasize research

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2
Q

Incidence

A

The number of new cases diagnosed during a specific time

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3
Q

Prevalence

A

The number of people diagnosed with a disorder at any given time

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4
Q

Course

A

The typical short and long term patterns of a particular diagnosis

May be: chronic, episodic, time-limited

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5
Q

Prognosis

A

The anticipated course and likely outcome of a diagnosis

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6
Q

Etiology

A

The study of the origins of a certain diagnosis

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7
Q

Comorbidity

A

Simultaneous presence of two or more chronic illnesses in one patient

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8
Q

Validity

A

Whether or not a test is measuring what it claims to be measuring

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9
Q

Reliability

A

Whether or not a method of measuring will achieve the same results when used on the same subject multiple times

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10
Q

Confounding Variable

A

A third, unplanned variable that may affect results of a study

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11
Q

Independent variable

A

Manipulated variable in an experiment

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12
Q

Dependent variable

A

The variable influenced by the affect of the IV

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13
Q

Control Group

A

Group not exposed to manipulation of a variable in an experiment

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14
Q

Experimental group

A

Group receiving study manipulation

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15
Q

Correlation and causation

A

Correlation DOES NOT equal causation

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16
Q

Three elements associated with determining abnormal behavior

A

Deviance, distress, dysfunction

Also, danger

17
Q

Consequences of deinstitutionalization

A

Homelessness, short visits rarely provide patient with a full or even partial recovery

18
Q

Overuse of ad hoc hypothesis

A

A loophole to explain away negative findings

Element of pseudoscience

19
Q

Absence of self-correction

A

Not admitting when something has been falsified, continued use of old irrelevant data

Element of pseudoscience

20
Q

Exaggerated claims

A

Ex: in one week you can be addiction free and never go back

Element of pseudoscience

21
Q

Over reliance on anecdotes

A

Testimonials do not equal scientific support

Element of pseudoscience

22
Q

Psychobabble

A

Use of flowery or scientific sounding language and people will flock to you

Element of pseudoscience

23
Q

Presenting problem

A

The symptoms or complaints the client comes in with when first starting treatment

24
Q

Historical Treatments for Disorders

A

Exorcism, hydrotherapy, scaring evil spirits away with snakes etc.

25
Q

Hippocrates’s four humors

A

Yellow bile, black bile, blood, phlegm

Theorized that an imbalance of these fluids causes disorders

27
Q

Philippe Pinel

A

Pioneer of reform of treatment of those with disorders

28
Q

Moral treatment

A

Emphasis of moral guidance, humane and respectful techniques for treatment

Pioneered by Benjamin Rush and Dorothea Dix

29
Q

Somatogenic perspective

A

Physical causes for abnormal behavior

30
Q

Psychogenic perspective

A

Abnormal behavior caused by psychological variables

Influenced by Mesmer and Freud

31
Q

Naturalistic observation

A

Systematic and well-planned, but without control over the situation

Enter an environment and observe

32
Q

Controlled observation

A

Takes place in a lab, used widely in research, control of what’s being observed

33
Q

Case Studies

A

Intensive study of one individual, not generalizable, cannot prove or disprove a theory

34
Q

Epidemiology

A

Research method focusing on prevalence, distribution, and consequences of disorders

35
Q

Cross-Sectional Research

A

Different people at different stages of life are studied at the same time

36
Q

Longitudinal Studies

A

The same people are studied at multiple time points across their lifespan

37
Q

Genotype

A

A collection of genes relate to the construct of interest (in psych, it would be intelligence)

38
Q

Phenotype

A

How genotype are expressed in the environment

39
Q

Heritability

A

How much of a trait is attributable to genetic differences as opposed to environmental influence

41
Q

Clinical description

A

The combination of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that define any specific disorder

Abnormal Psych Final (15 decks)

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