Chap 1: Abnormal Behaviors Past and Present

Question 0

Scientist Practitioner Model

Answer 0

Those who practice in psychology must participate in or at least consume research (treatment requires up to date information and should be empirically supported)

Question 1

Primary differences between psychologists and psychiatrists

Answer 1

Earn different degrees (MD vs. Ph.D)
MDs have no training in psychotherapy
MDs write prescriptions
Psychologists emphasize research

Question 2

Incidence

Answer 2

The number of new cases diagnosed during a specific time

Question 3

Prevalence

Answer 3

The number of people diagnosed with a disorder at any given time

Question 4

Course

Answer 4

The typical short and long term patterns of a particular diagnosis

May be: chronic, episodic, time-limited

Question 5

Prognosis

Answer 5

The anticipated course and likely outcome of a diagnosis

Question 6

Etiology

Answer 6

The study of the origins of a certain diagnosis

Question 7

Comorbidity

Answer 7

Simultaneous presence of two or more chronic illnesses in one patient

Question 8

Validity

Answer 8

Whether or not a test is measuring what it claims to be measuring

Question 9

Reliability

Answer 9

Whether or not a method of measuring will achieve the same results when used on the same subject multiple times

Question 10

Confounding Variable

Answer 10

A third, unplanned variable that may affect results of a study

Question 11

Independent variable

Answer 11

Manipulated variable in an experiment

Question 12

Dependent variable

Answer 12

The variable influenced by the affect of the IV

Question 13

Control Group

Answer 13

Group not exposed to manipulation of a variable in an experiment

Question 14

Experimental group

Answer 14

Group receiving study manipulation

Question 15

Correlation and causation

Answer 15

Correlation DOES NOT equal causation

Question 16

Three elements associated with determining abnormal behavior

Answer 16

Deviance, distress, dysfunction

Also, danger

Question 17

Consequences of deinstitutionalization

Answer 17

Homelessness, short visits rarely provide patient with a full or even partial recovery

Question 18

Overuse of ad hoc hypothesis

Answer 18

A loophole to explain away negative findings

Element of pseudoscience

Question 19

Absence of self-correction

Answer 19

Not admitting when something has been falsified, continued use of old irrelevant data

Element of pseudoscience

Question 20

Exaggerated claims

Answer 20

Ex: in one week you can be addiction free and never go back

Element of pseudoscience

Question 21

Over reliance on anecdotes

Answer 21

Testimonials do not equal scientific support

Element of pseudoscience

Question 22

Psychobabble

Answer 22

Use of flowery or scientific sounding language and people will flock to you

Element of pseudoscience

Question 23

Presenting problem

Answer 23

The symptoms or complaints the client comes in with when first starting treatment

Question 24

Historical Treatments for Disorders

Answer 24

Exorcism, hydrotherapy, scaring evil spirits away with snakes etc.

Question 25

Hippocrates's four humors

Answer 25

Yellow bile, black bile, blood, phlegm Theorized that an imbalance of these fluids causes disorders

Question 27

Philippe Pinel

Answer 27

Pioneer of reform of treatment of those with disorders

Question 28

Moral treatment

Answer 28

Emphasis of moral guidance, humane and respectful techniques for treatment Pioneered by Benjamin Rush and Dorothea Dix

Question 29

Somatogenic perspective

Answer 29

Physical causes for abnormal behavior

Question 30

Psychogenic perspective

Answer 30

Abnormal behavior caused by psychological variables Influenced by Mesmer and Freud

Question 31

Naturalistic observation

Answer 31

Systematic and well-planned, but without control over the situation Enter an environment and observe

Question 32

Controlled observation

Answer 32

Takes place in a lab, used widely in research, control of what's being observed

Question 33

Case Studies

Answer 33

Intensive study of one individual, not generalizable, cannot prove or disprove a theory

Question 34

Epidemiology

Answer 34

Research method focusing on prevalence, distribution, and consequences of disorders

Question 35

Cross-Sectional Research

Answer 35

Different people at different stages of life are studied at the same time

Question 36

Longitudinal Studies

Answer 36

The same people are studied at multiple time points across their lifespan

Question 37

Genotype

Answer 37

A collection of genes relate to the construct of interest (in psych, it would be intelligence)

Question 38

Phenotype

Answer 38

How genotype are expressed in the environment

Question 39

Heritability

Answer 39

How much of a trait is attributable to genetic differences as opposed to environmental influence

Question 41

Clinical description

Answer 41

The combination of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that define any specific disorder