Substance

Question 1

What are the side effects of chronic inhalant abuse?

Answer 1

respiratory failure, rhabdomyolysis, and cardiac arrhythmias. Brain imaging studies show diffuse cerebral, cerebellar, and brain stem atrophy with white matter disease

Question 2

What are side effects of long term toluene abuse

Answer 2

personality changes and cognitive dysfunction. Moreover, long-term exposure damages myelin sheaths of CNS neurons, resulting in ataxia, corticospinal tract signs, nystagmus, or optic nerve dysfunction, similar to patients with multiple sclerosis; however, unlike multiple sclerosis, toluene-induced demyelination is associated with both cognitive and physical impairment.

Question 3

Where would you find toluene to abuse?

Answer 3

Paint thinner, Airplane glue, Cement solvent

Question 4

What are notable side effects of nitrous oxide abuse?

Answer 4

Nitrous oxide lacks the qualitative subjective sleepiness, making it unique as it lacks the CNS depressant effects noted with most inhalants. Long-term use has been associated with diffuse polyneuropathy and myelinopathy reminiscent of vitamin B12 deficiency. Nitrous oxide inactivates vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) by oxidizing the cobalt within the molecule.