Sleep

Question 1

Define Delayed Sleep Wake Phase Disorder DSWPD

Answer 1

Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (DSWPD) manifests as a delay of the major sleep episode with respect to the patient’s desire to work with social, educational, and/or occupational demands. Patients report extreme difficulty both with falling asleep and with waking at the needed times

Question 2

What is the treatment for DSWPD

Answer 2

Adult patients with DSWPD, with or without depression, should be treated with 5 mg of melatonin, administered between 19:00 and 21:00 for a 28-day period

Question 3

What is Circadian Sleep-Wake disorder

Answer 3

Circadian sleep-wake disorder is characterized by the inability to fall asleep at night at the desired time. Individuals with sleep phase delay naturally become sleepy later in the evening and arouse to wakefulness later in the morning, giving rise to the term “night owl” used to describe these individuals. These individuals have normal sleep architecture.

Question 4

What stages of sleep would sleep terrors be associated with?

Answer 4

Non rem sleep stages 3-4

Question 5

Describe NonREM stage 1

Answer 5

Stage NREM 1 is a typical transition from wakefulness to sleep characterized by slow and rolling eye movements. When patients awaken from it, they do not actually perceive that they were actually asleep. This stage accounts for 5-10% of total sleep.

Question 6

Describe NONREM stage 2

Answer 6

This stage usually comprises 45-55% of the night characterized by appearance of spindles and K-complexes on EEG. Benzodiazepines increase the duration of this stage.

Question 7

Describe REM Stage

Answer 7

REM stage is distinguished by conjugate, irregular, and sharply peaked eye movements. This stage is typically associated with vivid dreams. In narcolepsy, which is a condition characterized by excessive sleepiness, aspects of REM sleep intrude into the waking state.