Subjunctive & Imperatives

Question 1

How is the present subjunctive formed?

Answer 1

Yo form of present tense, remove ‘o’ or ‘oy’ ending. -ar verbs get -er endings whilst -er + -ir verbs get -ar endings.

Question 2

How is the perfect subjunctive formed?

Answer 2

Present subjunctive of haber (haya) + past participle (ido/ado)

Question 3

How is the imperfect subjunctive formed?

Answer 3

Take part 6 form of preterite, remove -ron ending, add -ra, -ras, -ra, -ramos, -rais, -ran.

Question 4

How is the pluperfect subjunctive formed?

Answer 4

Imperfect subjunctive of haber (hubiera) + past participle (ado/ido)

Question 5

What should the sequence of tenses be for the subjunctive (main + subordinate clause)?

Answer 5

Present/future/perfect/future perfect + present/perfect subjunctive.
Imperfect/preterite/conditional/pluperfect/conditional perfect + imperfect/pluperfect subjunctive.

Question 6

What is the subjunctive used for?

Answer 6

Influence/emotion/judgement, doubt/possibility, future possible actions, wishes/desires, recommendations, some impersonal expressions, indefinite/negative antecedents, cuando + future event, who/what/when ever, perhaps, ojala, si constructions. Must be 2 diff subjects in main + subordinate clause. Subordinate clause always introduced by que. Whatever/however. Can be used in questioning state of disbelief.

Question 7

What are imperatives?

Answer 7

Orders/instructions.

Question 8

How do you form an imperative when speaking to ‘tu’?

Answer 8

Use 3rd person present tense.

Question 9

How do you form an imperative when speaking to ‘vosotros’?

Answer 9

Take off -r from infinitive + add ‘d’.

Question 10

How do you form an imperative when speaking to ‘usted’?

Answer 10

Take off -o from 1st person present. Add -e to ‘ar’, add -a to ‘er’ + ‘ir’ verbs.

Question 11

How do you form an imperative when speaking to ‘ustedes’?

Answer 11

Take off -o from 1st person present. Add -en to ‘ar’, add -an to ‘er’ + ‘ir’ verbs.

Question 12

How do you form an imperative when speaking to ‘nosotros’?

Answer 12

Means ‘let’s do…’. Take off -o from 1st person present. Add -emos to ‘ar’ + -amos to ‘er’ + ‘ir’ verbs.

Question 13

How are negative commands formed?

Answer 13

Formed using present subjunctive e.g. No salgas.

Question 14

With positive commands, what happens when an object pronoun is used?

Answer 14

Object pronoun attached directly to end of imperative e.g. cómprelo

Question 15

With positive commands, what happens when direct + indirect object pronouns are used?

Answer 15

Indirect object pronoun comes before direct e.g. cómpremelo.

Question 16

What is the rule about accents concerning commands with pronouns?

Answer 16

Must use accent when 1+ syllable is added if command is 2+ syllables long. If it’s only 1 syllable long, only need to add stress if 2 pronouns added.

Question 17

With negative commands, what happens when an object pronoun is used?

Answer 17

Object pronouns come before imperative e.g. no me lo compre.

Question 18

With negative commands, what happens when direct + indirect object pronouns are used?

Answer 18

Indirect pronoun comes before direct pronoun e.g. no me lo compre.

Question 19

Irregular 1st person subjunctives:
Caber, caer, conocer, construir, decir, distinguir, elegir, hacer, oír, parecer, poner, salir, tener, traer, valer, venir + ver.

Answer 19

Quepa, caiga, conozca, construya, diga, distinga, elija, haga, oiga, parezca, ponga, salga, tenga, traiga, valga, venga + vea.

Question 20

Irregular subjunctive stems:

Haber, ir, saber, ser.

Answer 20

Haya, vaya, sepa + sea.

Question 21

Which verbs have irregular stem endings in the present subjunctive?

Answer 21

c -> qu (buscar/busque), g -> gu (pagar/pague), z -> c (lanzar/lance), guar - gü (averigüe).

Question 22

Totally irregular subjunctive verbs?

Answer 22

Dar -> Dé, des, dé, demos, deis, den.

Estar -> Esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén.

Question 23

Give examples of verbs that require the subjunctive. (Verbs/expressions of will/want)

Answer 23

Aconsejar, decir, dejar, desear, es hora, es importante, es necesario, esperar, es preciso, evitar, exigir, hacer falta, hacer, impedir, insistir en, invitar, mandar, necesitar, pedir, permitir, preferir, prohibir, proponer, querer, recomendar, rogar + sugerir (que).

Question 24

Give examples of verbs that require the subjunctive. (Verbs/expressions of emotion/feeling)

Answer 24

Alegrarse de, es bueno, es conveniente, es difícil, es extraño, es fácil, es increíble, es interesante, es inútil, es justo, es una lástima, es malo, es mejor, es peor, es preferible, es raro, es triste, es útil, estar contento, estar triste, extrañarse, gustarse, más vale, sentir, sorprenderse, temer, tener miedo (que).

Question 25

Give examples of verbs that require the subjunctive. (Verbs/expressions of doubt/possibility/opinion)

Answer 25

Aparecer, buscar, detestar, dudar, es dudoso, es imposible, es improbable, es posible, es probable, negar, no es cierto, no es claro, no es evidente, no es obvio, no es, no está seguro, no es verdad, tal vez (que).

Question 26

Give examples of verbs that require the subjunctive when negative/interrogatory but not when affirmative.

Answer 26

Conocer, creer, espérer, estar cierto, estar seguro, es cierto, es claro, es evidente, es seguro, es una realidad, es un hecho, es verdad, pensar, saber (que).

Question 27

Give examples of verbs that require the subjunctive when affirmative but not when negative.

Answer 27

Dudar, negar.

Question 28

Why rule is different to do with cualquiera + cualesquiera?

Answer 28

They drop the final 'a' before a noun.

Question 29

What happens when whenever records a repeated fact?

Answer 29

Use 'siempre que' + infinitive.

Question 30

How might you express however + adjective/adverb?

Answer 30

Por...que + Subjunctive.

Question 31

When words meaning 'perhaps' have an element of doubt implied, what are they followed by?

Answer 31

The subjunctive. e.g. quizas/tal vez/acaso + subjunctive.

Question 32

How is ojalá used?

Answer 32

Followed by present/imperfect subjunctive. Used to convey strong wish/desire. Ojalá + pres subj = definite poss. Ojalá + imp subj = Wish less likely to be fulfilled.

Question 33

What are the irregular past participles?

Answer 33

Abierto, cubierto, descubierto, dicho, vuelto, devuelto, disuelto, resuelto, escrito, descrito, frito, hecho, satisfecho, muerto, puesto, roto + visto.

Question 34

What is the subjunctive?

Answer 34

A mood, not a tense.

Question 35

When is the imperfect subjunctive used?

Answer 35

When verb in main clause is imperfect/pluperfect/preterite/conditional or when action not completed or might happen in future or when using si. (si + imp subj + cond)