Adverbs, Negatives & Impersonal Verbs Flashcards
Adverbs/Negatives. Impersonal Verbs - Gustar etc.
What are the rules for adverbs?
They qualify verbs, adjectives + other adverbs. They also comes just after the verb. Add -mente to FS adjective. Remove -mente when 2+ adverbs consecutively used + only added to last adverb. All further adjectives are in FS form.
What are the adverbial forms of bueno + malo?
Bien + mal.
What might you do with long adverbs?
Use adverbial phrase with con/sin + related noun. (e.g. Habló con tristeza) or with de un modo/de una manera (e.g. Habló de una manera triste)
What are the comparatives of bien + mal?
Mejor + peor.
How can you say:
The more…the more?
The less…the less?
Cuanto más…más.
Cuanto menos…menos.
How do we make a verb negative?
No + verb.
How might you say these negative expressions:
Nothing, nobody, never, no/not any/none, neither..nor, neither, never in my life, nowhere + no longer.
Nada, nadie, nunca/jamás, ninguno, ni..ni, tampoco, en mi vida, a/en ninguna parte + ya no.
When negative expressions follow the verb, what happens?
The verb is preceded by no. (e.g. No vamos nunca al cine)
When the negative precedes the verb/there is no verb, what happens?
No is not used. (e.g. Nunca vamos al cine)
How is ninguno formed in a sentence?
How can this be made a stronger negative?
Negative of alguno + agrees with noun it refers to. Algún = MS.
Alguno after noun.
What are the meanings of these:
Acabar de, al, para, es importante, tener que.
I have just, on …ing, in order to, it’s important to, i have to.
How do impersonal verbs function?
Back to front. e.g. Gustar = It pleases me. Indirect object + impersonal verb. Only 3rd person singular + plural of impersonal verbs + verb agrees with noun that follows it.
What are the indirect object pronouns?
Me, te, le, nos, os, les.
How do you emphasise a sentence with impersonal verbs?
Add (a mí/ti/él/ella/person)
Give examples of impersonal verbs.
Gustar, encantar, interesar, emocionar, entusiasmar, apetecer, quedar, faltar, sobrar, doler + hacer falta.
What are imperatives used for?
Give instructions/commands.
What are the 8 forms of imperatives?
Positive (informal + formal) + negative (informal + formal)
How can you make an informal positive command in the tu form?
What about for the vosotros form?
Remove -s from present tense. e.g. baila!
Remove -r from infinitive + add -d. e.g. bailad!
What are the irregulars for the informal positive form of tu in the present tense?
Decir (di), hacer (haz), ir (ve), poner (pon), salir (sal), ser (sé), tener (ten), venir (ven).
How can you make a formal positive command in the usted form?
What about for the ustedes form?
Use usted form of present subjunctive e.g. baile!
Used ustedes form of present subjunctive e.g. bailen!
How can you form a negative command?
What are the 3 different negative words?
Negative word + tu/vos/usted/ustedes form of subjunctive.
No, nunca, nadie.
What are the main irregulars for negative commands?
Decir (diga), hacer (haga), poder (pueda), querer (quiera), tener (tenga). All above use ‘yo’ form of present tense to form subjunctive stem.
Haber (haya), ir (vaya), ser (sea)
If you use an object pronoun after the imperative, what do you need?
Add accent to maintain existing stress pattern on verb.
