Nouns & Present Tense Flashcards
Nouns - Gender, singular & plural forms, definite & indefinite articles & standard spellings. Present Tense - Regular verbs.
Nouns:
How do you know if they’re masculine?
Ending in -o, -aje, -án, -ambre, stressed vowel, consonant, -ma, -e, -i, -l, -r, -u.
Rivers, mountains, seas, oceans, months, days of the week, languages., compound nouns, imported from other languages, fruit trees.
Nouns:
How do you know if they’re feminine?
Ending in -a, -ión, -dad, -tad, -tud, -umbre, -ie, -isis, -itis.
Countries, regions, provinces, towns, places ending in -a, alphabet.
Exceptions: Nouns which should be masculine but are feminine.
La: Foto, moto, mano, radio, calle, mente, muerte,
Exceptions: Nouns which should be feminine but are masculine.
El: Día, mapa, planeta, tranvía, yoga, sistema, problema. tema,
Making nouns plural:
Ending in a vowel.
Add -s.
Making nouns plural:
Ends in a consonant.
Add -es.
Making nouns plural:
Ending in -z.
Change to -ces.
Making nouns plural:
Ending in a stressed -án, -én, -ín, -ún, -ión, -és.
Lose the accent and add es.
Making nouns plural:
Words ending in a stressed -í, -ú.
Add -es.
Making nouns plural:
Words ending in an unstressed -en.
Add an accent to the preceding syllable and add -es.
Making nouns plural:
Words ending in an unstressed -es or -is.
No change.
Making nouns plural:
Surnames.
No change.
What are the different definite articles?
El (masc, sing), la (fem, sing), los (masc pl), las (fem, pl)
The.
How does the masculine singular form work with ‘de’ or ‘a’.
Del or al.
What happens when there is a ‘la’ before a noun beginning with a stressed ‘a’ or ‘ha’?
What if it is unstressed?
It becomes ‘el’.
It stays ‘la’.
When is the definite article needed in Spanish?
Before parts of the body, clothing and personal possessions.
Before titles and proper nouns with adjectives.
Before nouns used in a general sense meaning ‘all’.
Before days of the week, school subjects + languages.
Before countries + continents, dates, per kilo/per week/bottle.
Explained superlatives.
When is the definite article omitted in Spanish?
Before titles and proper nouns with adjectives when addressing a person in direct speech.
When a noun refers to ‘part’ or ‘some’ if used in a general sense meaning ‘all’.
After ‘en’ or ‘de’ or ‘hablar’.
Before a noun that has been explained (e.g. Juan, the king of Spain).
In idiomatic expressions (e.g. en casa del doctor)
Foreign titles, san/santo/dor doña.
How is the possessor of a personal possession indicated?
Corresponding indirect object pronoun. (e.g. Me pongo el sombrero)
What are the different indefinite articles?
Un (masc, sing), una (fem, sing), unos (masc, pl), unas (fem, pl)
A/an/some.
When is the indefinite article used in Spanish?
With an abstract noun qualified by an adjective. (e.g. La pinto con un esmero excepcional)
When is the indefinite article omitted in Spanish?
Before nouns of professions when are used with ‘ser’ or ‘hacerse’.
Before nouns that have been explained (e.g. Burgos, vieja ciudad castellana)
Before otro, medio, tal, cierto, semejante, ciento mil or qué (in exclamation)
After a negative verb (not any) and after ‘ni’ and ‘sin’.
When is the neuter article used?
Lo + masculine adjective = the thing (essence of the adjective)
Lo + superlative adverb + posible = The ___ possible
What is the present tense used for?
Action going on at the moment, regular/repeated action, action in immediate future, describe actions in the past dramatically + indicate the duration of an action.
What are the regular present tense endings for ‘AR’ verbs?
-o, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an.
What are the regular present tense endings for ‘ER’ verbs?
-o, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en.
What are the regular present tense endings for ‘IR’ verbs?
-o, -es, -e, -imos, -ís, -en.
What are the 6 parts of verbs?
Yo (I),tú (You sing/fam), él/ella/usted (He/she/it/you sing pol), nosotros (we), vosotros (you pl fam), Ellos/ellas/ustedes (They/you pl pol)
What are the standard endings of these English endings:
-ity, -ance, -ence, -ary, -ous, -ly.
-dad, -ancia, -encia, -ario, -oso, -mente.
What are the standard endings of these English endings:
-ic, -ical, -ment, -y, -tion, -ent, -ant.
-ico (accent on vowel before ending), -ico (accent on vowel before ending), -mento, -ia, -ción, -ente, -ante.
