Adjectives & Present Tense

Question 1

Do adjectives agree with their noun in number + gender?

Answer 1

Yes

Question 2

What are the rules for adjectives ending in -o?

Answer 2

MS = -o. FS = -a. MP = -os. FP = -as.

Question 3

What are the rules for adjectives ending in a consonant or -e?

Answer 3

Same in Masc + Fem Singular forms. Those ending in a consonant in plural, add -es. Those ending in -e in plural, add -s. However, z - ces.

Question 4

What are the rules for adjectives of nationality + those ending in -án, -ín, -ón + -or?

Answer 4

It stays the same in MS, add -es for MP. Remove accent + add -a for FS. For FP, remove accent + add -as.

Question 5

Which words ending in -or are irregular + how do they act?

Answer 5

Irregular comparatives + superlatives e.g. mejor, peor, mayor, menor, exterior, interior, anterior, posterior, superior, inferior + ulterior. Behave like those ending in consonant/-e. Go before noun.

Question 6

Give examples of adjectives which end in -a in both the masculine + singular form. What are the rules for these?

Answer 6

Belga, adjectives ending in -ista + cada. Just add -s for the plural forms.

Question 7

What are the rules for adjectives placed before more than one noun?

Answer 7

They should agree with the first noun.

Question 8

What are the rules for adjectives placed after more than one noun?

Answer 8

They should take masculine plural agreement.

Question 9

Which nouns might be used as adjectives? What are their rules?

Answer 9

Colours when the name of a fruit or flower is used (e.g. orange). Do not change.

Question 10

What are the rules for adjectives when they are used as the complement of the sentence after ser, estar, parecer + resultar?

Answer 10

They must agree with the noun.

Question 11

Which adjectives might be shortened + when?

Answer 11

Some drop the final letter. (Grande/gran before MS + FS) Bueno/buen, malo/mal, primero/primer, tercero/tercer, alguno/algún, ninguno/ningún before MS) When santo is for male saint, San, except before Do- or To- (e.g. Santo Domingo)

Question 12

Where are adjectives usually placed?

Answer 12

After the noun.

Question 13

Which adjectives might come before the noun?

Answer 13

Shortened ones + those which vary their definition depending on position.

Question 14

These adjectives mean different things depending on their position, what changes?
Antiguo, cierto, distinto, grande, medio.

Answer 14

Former/Ancient, Certain/beyond doubt, Various/different, Great/big, Half/average.

Question 15

These adjectives mean different things depending on their position, what changes?
Pobre, puro, raro, simple, varios.

Answer 15

Poor (pitied)/poor (not rich), sheer/pure, rare/strange, simple(mere)/simple minded, several/various.

Question 16

What is formed when the neuter article is placed before an adjective?

Answer 16

It forms an abstract noun.

Question 17

What happens when 2 adjectives are of equal importance?

Answer 17

They are placed after the noun + linked by ‘y’.

Question 18

If 1 adjective is less closely allied to the noun, what happens?

Answer 18

It is placed before it and the other is placed after.

Question 19

How might you make an adjective negative?

Answer 19

Use sin + infinitive (e.g. es un método sin probar) or poco + adjective (e.g. una película poco interesante).

Question 20

What are the basic rules for radical changing verbs?

Answer 20

Spelling change only in parts 1, 2, 3 + 6.

Question 21

What are the 4 different spelling changes for radical changing verbs?

Answer 21

e-ie, o-ue, e-I + u-ve.

Question 22

Give examples of verbs which have the spelling change e - ie.

Answer 22

Pensar, cerrar, empezar, merendar, encender, entender, mentir, perder, consentir, querer, recomendar, divertirse, sugerir, sentir, tener, confesar, vertir, venir, pensar, preferir, despertarse, sentarse + negar.

Question 23

Give examples of verbs which have the spelling change o - ue.

Answer 23

Volver, almorzar, soler, contar, encontrar, probar, poder, morir, devolver, recordar, envolver, jugar, doler, dormir, llover, torcer, acostarse, mover + resolver.

Question 24

Give examples of verbs which have the spelling change e - i,

Answer 24

Pedir, medir, conseguir, repetir, seguir, reír, servir, decir, reñir + elegir.

Question 25

Conjugate the verb:

Perseguir

Answer 25

Persigo, persigues, persigue, perseguimos, perseguís, persiguen.

Question 26

Conjugate the verb:

Oler

Answer 26

Huelo, hueles, huele, olemos, oléis, huelen.

Question 27

What are reflexive verbs?

Answer 27

Verbs where the action reflects back on the subject.

Question 28

What are the reflexive pronouns?

Answer 28

Me, te, se, nos, os, se.

Question 29

How do you form a reflexive verb?

Answer 29

Conjugate as normal + add the reflexive pronoun before it.

Question 30

What are some uses of the reflexive?

Answer 30

In plural it shows doing the action to each other, to avoid the passive, to express possession in self inflicted actions + possessive adjective isn’t used, used to describe becoming.

Question 31

In what different ways is the reflexive used to describe becoming?

Answer 31

Hacerse + noun/adjective (voluntary effort to become)
Ponerse + adjective (Change of mood/appearance/physical condition)
Volverse + adjective (Involuntary psychological/mental change, only people + animals)
Convertirse en + noun (Fundamental change e.g. modern)
Quedarse (Loss is implied)

Question 32

Give examples of reflexive verbs.

Answer 32

Acostarse, afeitarse, bañarse, calzarse, conocerse, cortarse, lavarse, meterse, despertarse, dormirse, ducharse, emborracharse.

Question 33

Which words might change meaning in the reflexive + describe them?

Answer 33

Morir(se) - To die accidentally/deliberately (To die naturally/through illness)
Encontrar(se) - To find/meet (To find something by chance/be situated)
Olvidar(se) - To forget intentionally (To forget accidentally)
Reír(se) - To laugh (at)

Question 34

When might the reflexive pronoun go after the verb?

Answer 34

Compound tenses (Reflexive pronoun + haber + verb)
Infinitive Constructions (Reflexive verb + infinitive + reflexive pronoun)
Positive imperatives (Imperative + reflexive pronoun)
Negative imperatives (Reflexive pronoun + negative imperative)
Present participle (e.g. estoy levantándome)

Question 35

What does ‘algo’ mean?

When can it be used and what are its rules?

Answer 35

Something. Doesn’t agree with the noun + can be used alone, with an adjective or with de + infinitive. (e.g. Quieres algo de comer)

Question 36

What does ‘alguien’ mean?

What are its rules?

Answer 36

Somebody. Doesn’t agree with noun + can be used alone or with que + subjunctive (e.g. Quiero a alguien que me aprecie)

Question 37

What does ‘alguno’ mean?
What are its rules?
Does its spelling change?

Answer 37

Somebody/some. Agrees with noun + becomes algún before MS. Alguna = FS, algunos = MP, algunas = FP.

Question 38

What does ‘ninguno’ mean?
Does its spelling change?
What are its rules?

Answer 38

Not one/no. Ningún = MS, ningunos = MP, ningunas = FP. Only used in plural form if noun only exists in plural (e.g. gafas) Agrees with noun.

Question 39

Meanings + rules:

Mucho, poco, todo, tanto, otro, cualquier, varios.

Answer 39

Many/lots, a bit/few, all, as many/so much, other, any, various.
Agree with noun they describe (In adjective form) or replace (in pronoun form) Tanto shortens to tan before adjective.

Question 40

If the noun is masculine singular + comes directly after the adjective, what happens?

Answer 40

Use the shortened form. e.g. gran

Question 41

What do these mean if they’re before and after the noun:
Mismo
Pobre

Answer 41

Same, itself.

Poor (pitiable), poor (financial)