Sub phylum Vertebrata + Agnatha Flashcards
(Craniata) Notochord provides a…
Point of attachment for muscles
(Craniata) Pharyngeal slits are no longer for…
Filter feeding
(Craniata) Endostyle or _______ gland
Thyroid
(Craniata) The outer epidermis is made of…
Stratified epithelium
(Craniata) The inner dermis is made of ______ tissues, ______, which makes it ________.
Connective, collagen, stronger
(Craniata) Modifications include: glands (______ and _____) scales, feathers, hair, horns and claws (all of the protein is _______)
Oil, sweat, keratin
(Craniata) The ______ replaces the notochord except in _______.
Vertebral column, hagfish
(Craniata) Skeleton of the head is the _______ & bones of the _______.
Cranium, pharyngeal slits
(Craniata) Muscles of the _______ pump water across gills to support a higher rate of _______ and more active ______.
Pharynx, metabolism, feeding style
(Craniata) _________ now improve the amount of food that can be moved through the DV tract.
Muscular walls
(Craniata) Development of accessory organs like ______ (stores glucose & fats, detox blood) and ______ (makes digestive enzymes and hormones to regulate blood sugar).
Liver, pancreas
(Craniata) ______ chambers in heart; ______ vascular system.
Multiple, closed
(Craniata) Blood with _____ (RBC’s) and ______ (carries O2)
Erythrocytes, hemoglobin
(Craniata) Some separation between _______ (oxygenated to the body) and ________ (deoxygenated blood to lungs/gills)
Systemic, pulmonary
(Craniata) Excretory System now with paired _________ (highly specialized filtration tubes wrapped in capillaries) w/ _______ for waste removal and water regulation
Glomerular kidneys, separate regions
(Craniata) Tripartite brain with 3 parts…
Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
(Craniata) ______ nerves (sensory) & ______ nerves (to muscle blocks)
Cranial, spinal
(Craniata) Epidermal placodes which give rise to…
Paired sense organs
(Craniata) Lateral lines sense _____ in water & ______ detect prey.
Vibrations, electrical receptors
(Craniata) Neural crest is made of cells from the _______ that produce the ______ of the cranium and neck, _______, some of the __________ and _________.
Ectoderm, bones, teeth, cranial nerves, endocrine glands
(Craniata) Paired Appendages including ________ (shoulders/hips) that support the _______ of the appendicular skeleton.
Limb girdles, bones
(Agnatha) Possess ______ vertebrate surrounding dorsal, hollow nerve cord leading to a _______ with a _______ inside a brain case (cranium) and with __________.
bony or cartilaginous, distinct head end, complex brain, specialized sense organs
(Agnatha) Includes…
Lampreys and hagfish
(Agnatha) No _______ or…
True jaws, paired appendages
(Agnatha) _______ larvae.
Ammocete
(Early Vertebrates) Ostracoderms: _______ (bone embedded in ______) _______ fish w/ muscle blocks, hearts & bony skulls
Armored, dermis, jawless
(Early Vertebrates) Osteostracans: First to have ______ & to ______ their bodies in the water; braincase fossils show _______.
Paired fins, stablize, complex nervous systems
(Gnathostomata) Includes ________, ________, ________, and ________.
Chondrichthyes, osteichthyes, actinopterygii, sarcopterygii
(Gnathostomata) Chondrichthyes are _______ fish.
Cartilaginous
(Gnathostomata) Osteichthyes are the ______ fish.
Bony
(Gnathostomata) Actinopterygii are the _______ fish.
Ray finned
(Gnathostomata) Sarcopterygii are the _______ fish.
Lobe finned
Jaws are the result of…
Gill bars or arches
