Birds

Question 1

. Feathers: _______ protein; lightweight w/ great _______ strength & ________ value

Answer 1

Keratin, tensile, insulation

Question 2

_________ feathers: cover & streamline the body; _______

Answer 2

Contour, symmetrical

Question 3

________ feathers are soft and barbules lack ______ so look fluffy rather than smooth; trap _____ near the body

Answer 3

Down, hooks, heat

Question 4

Powder down disintegrates into powder which can be used to ________ feathers and ________ the surface during grooming.

Answer 4

Water proof, shine

Question 5

The feather is composed of a single ________ w/ many ________ and interlocking _________ forming the face of the vane.

Answer 5

Shaft, barbs, barbules

Question 6

____________: internal structure w/ many air spaces so bone is strong w/o additional weight

Answer 6

Pneumatized

Question 7

Fused ________ w/ __________ ribs and sternum modified to form a “_______” - provides a form for __________ attachment.

Answer 7

Vertebrae, cross braced, keel, flight muscle

Question 8

No ________ (unlike pterosaurs & archeopteryx) - only __________ covering external surface of jaw

Answer 8

Teeth, keratin plates

Question 9

Muscles in _________ only (conserves _______); tendons lock _______ in place when grasping (even w/o blood flow).

Answer 9

Upper leg, heat, toes

Question 10

Digestive system adapted for _______ breakdown of food due to ______ metabolic demands of flight & _________ metabolism.

Answer 10

Rapid, high, endothermic

Question 11

_________ is enlarged region of esophagus; storage

Answer 11

Crop

Question 12

Gizzard has __________ or small _______ for grinding.

Answer 12

Keratin plates, stones

Question 13

Digestive _______ has bacterial breakdown of _________.

Answer 13

Ceca, cellulose

Question 14

Digestive wastes expelled via…

Answer 14

Cloaca

Question 15

Circulatory system has ______ chambered heart that completes the _________ of __________ from ________ blood flow; nucleate RBC’s and ________ for immunity.

Answer 15

Four, separation, pulmonary, systemic, phagocytes

Question 16

Respiratory system has ______ metabolic demand of powered flight & __________ requires a lot of oxygen delivered to body cells.

Answer 16

High, endothermy

Question 17

Gas exchange in _________ where air & blood perform _________ exchange.

Answer 17

Parabronchi, cross current

Question 18

Propulsion is created by _______ feathers that extend beyond ______ of the wing.

Answer 18

Flight, edges

Question 19

Lift is provided by the ________ - above air moves faster (_________), below air moves slower (_________).

Answer 19

Curved surface, low pressure, high pressure

Question 20

___________ of wing relative to the air can maintain lift but only to a certain point and then turbulence behind the wing destroys lift and stalling occurs.

Answer 20

Angle of attack

Question 21

_________ (short but wide) = maneuverable W/ slots = lift

Answer 21

Low aspect ratio

Question 22

___________ (long & narrow) = lift (soaring)

Answer 22

High aspect ratio

Question 23

__________, sharp tip (less drag) = speed

Answer 23

Swept back

Question 24

_____________ b/w primary feathers = lift even at low speeds

Answer 24

Long & wide w/ slots

Question 25

Climbing (_________)

Answer 25

Woodpecker

Question 26

Grabbing (__________)

Answer 26

Hawk

Question 27

Cold and snow (_________)

Answer 27

Ptarmigan

Question 28

Swimming (________)

Answer 28

Duck

Question 29

Wading (________)

Answer 29

Heron

Question 30

8. Migration, _________ stimulated based on __________, direction is learned based on _________ and/or
   outside stimulation such as _____________ or __________.

Answer 30

Hormonally, hours of daylight, visual landmarks, magnetic force lines, angle of sunlight

Question 31

Reproduction is by __________ but males lack a __________ structure so mating depends on proximity between the two _________.

Answer 31

Internal fertilization, copulatory, cloacas.

Question 32

Female passes ovum down __________ where it is fertilized, _________ (egg white) is added and ____________ material is secreted around it.

Answer 32

Oviduct, albumin, calcareous shell

Question 33

___________ is required to keep eggs warm enough that the embryo survives - _________ often assist, young are either ________ or ________.

Answer 33

Incubation, both parents, precocial, altricial

Question 34

_________: able to run or swim as soon as their ________ plumage is dry even though parental care will continue for some time.

Answer 34

Precocial, downy

Question 35

________: born naked, blind & unable to walk so will require constant parental care for some time.

Answer 35

Altricial