Fish & Chondrichthyes

Question 1

(Fish) Fins are…

Answer 1

Bony rays embedded in epidermis with musculature

Question 2

(Fish) The dorsal fins purpose is…

Answer 2

To minimize drag & tendency of the body to roll

Question 3

(Fish) The caudal fin…

Answer 3

Generates thrust

Question 4

(Chondrichtyes) Heterocercal caudal fin has ______ lobes and is only found in _______.

Answer 4

Unequal, chondrichthyes

Question 5

(Chondricthyes) Homocercal caudal fin has ______ lobes and is only found in _______.

Answer 5

Equal sized, actinopterygii

Question 6

(Chondricthyes) Diphycercal caudal fin has ______ lobes and is only found in _______.

Answer 6

No, sarcopterygii

Question 7

(Fish) The pectoral fins are ______ fins w/ _______ controlled by muscles for steering in the water.

Answer 7

Paired, bony rays

Question 8

(Fish) The pelvic fins, also paired; more _______ sometimes modified into ______ to aide in ________.

Answer 8

Posterior, claspers, copulation

Question 9

(Fish) Scales are the remnant of _______ and protect the _______.

Answer 9

Bony plates, body surface

Question 10

(Fish) Placoid scales belong to _______ and are the possible origin of ______.

Answer 10

Cartilaginous fish, teeth

Question 11

(Fish) Ganoid scales are found on…

Answer 11

Non-teleost fish

Question 12

(Fish) Cycloid and Ctenoid scales are both found on…

Answer 12

Teleost fish

Question 13

(Fish) Myomeres are ______ arranged in ________ and deal with ________ contractions associated with swimming.

Answer 13

Muscle blocks, nested bands, alternating

Question 14

(Fish) Fish have a _____ head that allows them to cut through water more easily.

Answer 14

Rigid

Question 15

(Fish) Neutral Buoyancy makes the body the _______ density as the surrounding water so the animal doesn’t need to fight ______.

Answer 15

Same, gravity

Question 16

(Chondrichthyes) Sharks have a large ______ filled with ______ which are ______ dense than water.

Answer 16

Liver, oils, less

Question 17

(Fish) Bony fish have a _____ under their ______ that floats the fish upright.

Answer 17

Swim bladder, backbone

Question 18

(Fish) Fish ascend by ______ in their swim bladder causing gas to ______; gas must be _______ to the blood from the bladder.

Answer 18

Reducing pressure, expand, released

Question 19

(Fish) Fish descend by ______ in their swim bladder , gas must be _______ from the blood.

Answer 19

Increasing pressure, added

Question 20

(Fish) Respiration is accomplished as water moves across the surfaces of the _______ through which tiny ______ carry blood.

Answer 20

Gill filaments, vessels

Question 21

(Fish) As water enters the mouth the oral valve ______ and the operculum _______.

Answer 21

Closes, opens

Question 22

(Fish) Water is pulled _______ over the gills, the oral valve _____ and the operculum _______.

Answer 22

Backwards, opens, closes

Question 23

(Fish) Gills are composed of…

Answer 23

4 bony gill arches

Question 24

(Fish) Many _______ project back from the arches.

Answer 24

Filaments

Question 25

(Fish) Each filament has many _____ thru which blood flows in a direction _______ that of the water (________________).

Answer 25

Lamella, opposite, countercurrent exchange

Question 26

(Fish) Lateral Lines pick up ________ in the water via sensors arranged in canals down the _______ sides of the body.

Answer 26

Mechanical vibrations, right & left

Question 27

(Fish) Semicircular Canals ____________ of the body in 3 dimensional space.

Answer 27

Define orientation

Question 28

(Fish) Weberian ossicles allow __________ to be transmitted via the _________ to the __________.

Answer 28

“Sound” vibrations, swim bladder, inner ear

Question 29

(Fish) Electroreceptors (___________) detect weak _________ that all animals with a nervous system create

Answer 29

Ampullae of Lorenzini, electric fields

Question 30

(Fish) Freshwater fish gaining too much _______ by osmosis so their kidney excretes a lot of excess and gill structures absorb _____ that would otherwise be lost by diffusion.

Answer 30

Water, salts

Question 31

(Fish) Marine fish have a problem with _______ loss of by osmosis so they drink _______ and then excrete the excess ________ via gill structures.

Answer 31

Water, sea water, salt

Question 32

(Fish) Migration is for...

Answer 32

Mating or laying eggs

Question 33

(Fish) Anadromous fish migrate from _______ to ________.

Answer 33

Saltwater, freshwater

Question 34

(Fish) Catadromous fish migrate from _______ to ______.

Answer 34

Freshwater, saltwater

Question 35

(Fish) In mating fish are _______, fertilization is ________, ________ development in most; some eggs contain yolk for ________.

Answer 35

Dioecious, external, oviparous, nourishment

Question 36

(Chondricthyes) Share a common ancestor with ________, ________, and ________.

Answer 36

Ostracoderms, actinopterygii, sarcopterygii

Question 37

(Chondricthyes) Ostracoderms are...

Answer 37

Earlier armored jawless fish

Question 38

(Chondricthyes) Actinopterygii are...

Answer 38

Later true bony fishes

Question 39

(Chondricthyes) Sarcopterygii are...

Answer 39

Even later lobe finned & lung fishes

Question 40

(Chondricthyes) Cartilage must have occurred by reversal to the _______. (_______)

Answer 40

Larval form, neoteny

Question 41

(Chondricthyes) Bone is retained in _______ and _______.

Answer 41

Teeth, spine

Question 42

(Chondricthyes) Includes...

Answer 42

Sharks, rays, chimeras

Question 43

(Chondricthyes) Body form is _______ - flattened dorsoventrally.

Answer 43

Fusiform

Question 44

(Chondricthyes) ________ caudal fin.

Answer 44

Heterocercal

Question 45

(Chondricthyes) Wide pectoral fin may provides _______ when swimming.

Answer 45

Lift

Question 46

(Chondricthyes) Pelvic fin modified as ______.

Answer 46

Clasper

Question 47

(Chondricthyes) Placoid scales reduce _______ in water.

Answer 47

Turbulence

Question 48

(Chondricthyes) Olfactory is the ______ sense to make contact

Answer 48

First

Question 49

(Chondricthyes) Lateral line detects...

Answer 49

Mechanical vibrations

Question 50

(Chondricthyes) The ______________ detects electrical fields produced by any animal with a nervous system

Answer 50

Ampulla of Lorenzini

Question 51

(Chondricthyes) Endoskeleton is entirely _________, separate ________, _________ skeleton in pectoral fins.

Answer 51

Cartilaginous, vertebrae, appendicular

Question 52

(Chondricthyes) No _________ - attain neutral buoyancy by maintaining a ____________ which are less dense than water.

Answer 52

Swim bladder, liver filled with oils

Question 53

(Chondricthyes) Mouth opens into a...

Answer 53

Wide pharynx

Question 54

(Chondricthyes) Tubular ________ stomach for storing large infrequent meals.

Answer 54

J-shaped

Question 55

(Chondricthyes) Digestion & absorption occur in the intestine which has a ________ to slow passage of food & improve nutrient absorption.

Answer 55

Spiral valve

Question 56

(Chondricthyes) Spiracle allows water to continue to enter pharynx & gills even when...

Answer 56

Actively feeding

Question 57

(Chondricthyes) Kidney functions mostly in excreting ______ which diffuses constantly into the blood.

Answer 57

Salt

Question 58

(Chondricthyes) Urea is retained in ______ to make body fluids isotonic to seawater.

Answer 58

Tissues

Question 59

(Chondricthyes) Heart w/ _____ pumping chambers pushes blood forward into the _____ and then back into ________.

Answer 59

Two, gills, systemic circulation.

Question 60

(Chondricthyes) _______ - most w/ yolk (nourishes embryo); some have egg cases.

Answer 60

Oviparous

Question 61

(Chondricthyes) ________ - retain embryos / yolk sac to nourish them inside the female’s body.

Answer 61

Ovoviviparous

Question 62

(Chondricthyes) _________ - nourishment directly from mother either via a placenta or by uterine “milk”.

Answer 62

Viviparous