Fish & Chondrichthyes Flashcards
(Fish) Fins are…
Bony rays embedded in epidermis with musculature
(Fish) The dorsal fins purpose is…
To minimize drag & tendency of the body to roll
(Fish) The caudal fin…
Generates thrust
(Chondrichtyes) Heterocercal caudal fin has ______ lobes and is only found in _______.
Unequal, chondrichthyes
(Chondricthyes) Homocercal caudal fin has ______ lobes and is only found in _______.
Equal sized, actinopterygii
(Chondricthyes) Diphycercal caudal fin has ______ lobes and is only found in _______.
No, sarcopterygii
(Fish) The pectoral fins are ______ fins w/ _______ controlled by muscles for steering in the water.
Paired, bony rays
(Fish) The pelvic fins, also paired; more _______ sometimes modified into ______ to aide in ________.
Posterior, claspers, copulation
(Fish) Scales are the remnant of _______ and protect the _______.
Bony plates, body surface
(Fish) Placoid scales belong to _______ and are the possible origin of ______.
Cartilaginous fish, teeth
(Fish) Ganoid scales are found on…
Non-teleost fish
(Fish) Cycloid and Ctenoid scales are both found on…
Teleost fish
(Fish) Myomeres are ______ arranged in ________ and deal with ________ contractions associated with swimming.
Muscle blocks, nested bands, alternating
(Fish) Fish have a _____ head that allows them to cut through water more easily.
Rigid
(Fish) Neutral Buoyancy makes the body the _______ density as the surrounding water so the animal doesn’t need to fight ______.
Same, gravity
(Chondrichthyes) Sharks have a large ______ filled with ______ which are ______ dense than water.
Liver, oils, less
(Fish) Bony fish have a _____ under their ______ that floats the fish upright.
Swim bladder, backbone
(Fish) Fish ascend by ______ in their swim bladder causing gas to ______; gas must be _______ to the blood from the bladder.
Reducing pressure, expand, released
(Fish) Fish descend by ______ in their swim bladder , gas must be _______ from the blood.
Increasing pressure, added
(Fish) Respiration is accomplished as water moves across the surfaces of the _______ through which tiny ______ carry blood.
Gill filaments, vessels
(Fish) As water enters the mouth the oral valve ______ and the operculum _______.
Closes, opens
(Fish) Water is pulled _______ over the gills, the oral valve _____ and the operculum _______.
Backwards, opens, closes
(Fish) Gills are composed of…
4 bony gill arches
(Fish) Many _______ project back from the arches.
Filaments
(Fish) Each filament has many _____ thru which blood flows in a direction _______ that of the water (________________).
Lamella, opposite, countercurrent exchange
(Fish) Lateral Lines pick up ________ in the water via sensors arranged in canals down the _______ sides of the body.
Mechanical vibrations, right & left
(Fish) Semicircular Canals ____________ of the body in 3 dimensional space.
Define orientation
(Fish) Weberian ossicles allow __________ to be transmitted via the _________ to the __________.
“Sound” vibrations, swim bladder, inner ear
(Fish) Electroreceptors (___________) detect weak _________ that all animals with a nervous system create
Ampullae of Lorenzini, electric fields
(Fish) Freshwater fish gaining too much _______ by osmosis so their kidney excretes a lot of excess and gill structures absorb _____ that would otherwise be lost by diffusion.
Water, salts
(Fish) Marine fish have a problem with _______ loss of by osmosis so they drink _______ and then excrete the excess ________ via gill structures.
Water, sea water, salt
(Fish) Migration is for…
Mating or laying eggs
(Fish) Anadromous fish migrate from _______ to ________.
Saltwater, freshwater
(Fish) Catadromous fish migrate from _______ to ______.
Freshwater, saltwater
(Fish) In mating fish are _______, fertilization is ________, ________ development in most; some eggs contain yolk for ________.
Dioecious, external, oviparous, nourishment
(Chondricthyes) Share a common ancestor with ________, ________, and ________.
Ostracoderms, actinopterygii, sarcopterygii
(Chondricthyes) Ostracoderms are…
Earlier armored jawless fish
(Chondricthyes) Actinopterygii are…
Later true bony fishes
(Chondricthyes) Sarcopterygii are…
Even later lobe finned & lung fishes
(Chondricthyes) Cartilage must have occurred by reversal to the _______. (_______)
Larval form, neoteny
(Chondricthyes) Bone is retained in _______ and _______.
Teeth, spine
(Chondricthyes) Includes…
Sharks, rays, chimeras
(Chondricthyes) Body form is _______ - flattened dorsoventrally.
Fusiform
(Chondricthyes) ________ caudal fin.
Heterocercal
(Chondricthyes) Wide pectoral fin may provides _______ when swimming.
Lift
(Chondricthyes) Pelvic fin modified as ______.
Clasper
(Chondricthyes) Placoid scales reduce _______ in water.
Turbulence
(Chondricthyes) Olfactory is the ______ sense to make contact
First
(Chondricthyes) Lateral line detects…
Mechanical vibrations
(Chondricthyes) The ______________ detects electrical fields produced by any animal with a nervous system
Ampulla of Lorenzini
(Chondricthyes) Endoskeleton is entirely _________, separate ________, _________ skeleton in pectoral fins.
Cartilaginous, vertebrae, appendicular
(Chondricthyes) No _________ - attain neutral buoyancy by maintaining a ____________ which are less dense than water.
Swim bladder, liver filled with oils
(Chondricthyes) Mouth opens into a…
Wide pharynx
(Chondricthyes) Tubular ________ stomach for storing large infrequent meals.
J-shaped
(Chondricthyes) Digestion & absorption occur in the intestine which has a ________ to slow passage of food & improve nutrient absorption.
Spiral valve
(Chondricthyes) Spiracle allows water to continue to enter pharynx & gills even when…
Actively feeding
(Chondricthyes) Kidney functions mostly in excreting ______ which diffuses constantly into the blood.
Salt
(Chondricthyes) Urea is retained in ______ to make body fluids isotonic to seawater.
Tissues
(Chondricthyes) Heart w/ _____ pumping chambers pushes blood forward into the _____ and then back into ________.
Two, gills, systemic circulation.
(Chondricthyes) _______ - most w/ yolk (nourishes embryo); some have egg cases.
Oviparous
(Chondricthyes) ________ - retain embryos / yolk sac to nourish them inside the female’s body.
Ovoviviparous
(Chondricthyes) _________ - nourishment directly from mother either via a placenta or by uterine “milk”.
Viviparous
