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Zoology > Fish & Chondrichthyes > Flashcards

Fish & Chondrichthyes Flashcards

1
Q

(Fish) Fins are…

A

Bony rays embedded in epidermis with musculature

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2
Q

(Fish) The dorsal fins purpose is…

A

To minimize drag & tendency of the body to roll

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3
Q

(Fish) The caudal fin…

A

Generates thrust

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4
Q

(Chondrichtyes) Heterocercal caudal fin has ______ lobes and is only found in _______.

A

Unequal, chondrichthyes

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5
Q

(Chondricthyes) Homocercal caudal fin has ______ lobes and is only found in _______.

A

Equal sized, actinopterygii

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6
Q

(Chondricthyes) Diphycercal caudal fin has ______ lobes and is only found in _______.

A

No, sarcopterygii

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7
Q

(Fish) The pectoral fins are ______ fins w/ _______ controlled by muscles for steering in the water.

A

Paired, bony rays

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8
Q

(Fish) The pelvic fins, also paired; more _______ sometimes modified into ______ to aide in ________.

A

Posterior, claspers, copulation

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9
Q

(Fish) Scales are the remnant of _______ and protect the _______.

A

Bony plates, body surface

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10
Q

(Fish) Placoid scales belong to _______ and are the possible origin of ______.

A

Cartilaginous fish, teeth

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11
Q

(Fish) Ganoid scales are found on…

A

Non-teleost fish

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12
Q

(Fish) Cycloid and Ctenoid scales are both found on…

A

Teleost fish

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13
Q

(Fish) Myomeres are ______ arranged in ________ and deal with ________ contractions associated with swimming.

A

Muscle blocks, nested bands, alternating

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14
Q

(Fish) Fish have a _____ head that allows them to cut through water more easily.

A

Rigid

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15
Q

(Fish) Neutral Buoyancy makes the body the _______ density as the surrounding water so the animal doesn’t need to fight ______.

A

Same, gravity

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16
Q

(Chondrichthyes) Sharks have a large ______ filled with ______ which are ______ dense than water.

A

Liver, oils, less

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17
Q

(Fish) Bony fish have a _____ under their ______ that floats the fish upright.

A

Swim bladder, backbone

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18
Q

(Fish) Fish ascend by ______ in their swim bladder causing gas to ______; gas must be _______ to the blood from the bladder.

A

Reducing pressure, expand, released

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19
Q

(Fish) Fish descend by ______ in their swim bladder , gas must be _______ from the blood.

A

Increasing pressure, added

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20
Q

(Fish) Respiration is accomplished as water moves across the surfaces of the _______ through which tiny ______ carry blood.

A

Gill filaments, vessels

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21
Q

(Fish) As water enters the mouth the oral valve ______ and the operculum _______.

A

Closes, opens

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22
Q

(Fish) Water is pulled _______ over the gills, the oral valve _____ and the operculum _______.

A

Backwards, opens, closes

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23
Q

(Fish) Gills are composed of…

A

4 bony gill arches

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24
Q

(Fish) Many _______ project back from the arches.

A

Filaments

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25
Q

(Fish) Each filament has many _____ thru which blood flows in a direction _______ that of the water (________________).

A

Lamella, opposite, countercurrent exchange

26
Q

(Fish) Lateral Lines pick up ________ in the water via sensors arranged in canals down the _______ sides of the body.

A

Mechanical vibrations, right & left

27
Q

(Fish) Semicircular Canals ____________ of the body in 3 dimensional space.

A

Define orientation

28
Q

(Fish) Weberian ossicles allow __________ to be transmitted via the _________ to the __________.

A

“Sound” vibrations, swim bladder, inner ear

29
Q

(Fish) Electroreceptors (___________) detect weak _________ that all animals with a nervous system create

A

Ampullae of Lorenzini, electric fields

30
Q

(Fish) Freshwater fish gaining too much _______ by osmosis so their kidney excretes a lot of excess and gill structures absorb _____ that would otherwise be lost by diffusion.

A

Water, salts

31
Q

(Fish) Marine fish have a problem with _______ loss of by osmosis so they drink _______ and then excrete the excess ________ via gill structures.

A

Water, sea water, salt

32
Q

(Fish) Migration is for…

A

Mating or laying eggs

33
Q

(Fish) Anadromous fish migrate from _______ to ________.

A

Saltwater, freshwater

34
Q

(Fish) Catadromous fish migrate from _______ to ______.

A

Freshwater, saltwater

35
Q

(Fish) In mating fish are _______, fertilization is ________, ________ development in most; some eggs contain yolk for ________.

A

Dioecious, external, oviparous, nourishment

36
Q

(Chondricthyes) Share a common ancestor with ________, ________, and ________.

A

Ostracoderms, actinopterygii, sarcopterygii

37
Q

(Chondricthyes) Ostracoderms are…

A

Earlier armored jawless fish

38
Q

(Chondricthyes) Actinopterygii are…

A

Later true bony fishes

39
Q

(Chondricthyes) Sarcopterygii are…

A

Even later lobe finned & lung fishes

40
Q

(Chondricthyes) Cartilage must have occurred by reversal to the _______. (_______)

A

Larval form, neoteny

41
Q

(Chondricthyes) Bone is retained in _______ and _______.

A

Teeth, spine

42
Q

(Chondricthyes) Includes…

A

Sharks, rays, chimeras

43
Q

(Chondricthyes) Body form is _______ - flattened dorsoventrally.

A

Fusiform

44
Q

(Chondricthyes) ________ caudal fin.

A

Heterocercal

45
Q

(Chondricthyes) Wide pectoral fin may provides _______ when swimming.

A

Lift

46
Q

(Chondricthyes) Pelvic fin modified as ______.

A

Clasper

47
Q

(Chondricthyes) Placoid scales reduce _______ in water.

A

Turbulence

48
Q

(Chondricthyes) Olfactory is the ______ sense to make contact

A

First

49
Q

(Chondricthyes) Lateral line detects…

A

Mechanical vibrations

50
Q

(Chondricthyes) The ______________ detects electrical fields produced by any animal with a nervous system

A

Ampulla of Lorenzini

51
Q

(Chondricthyes) Endoskeleton is entirely _________, separate ________, _________ skeleton in pectoral fins.

A

Cartilaginous, vertebrae, appendicular

52
Q

(Chondricthyes) No _________ - attain neutral buoyancy by maintaining a ____________ which are less dense than water.

A

Swim bladder, liver filled with oils

53
Q

(Chondricthyes) Mouth opens into a…

A

Wide pharynx

54
Q

(Chondricthyes) Tubular ________ stomach for storing large infrequent meals.

A

J-shaped

55
Q

(Chondricthyes) Digestion & absorption occur in the intestine which has a ________ to slow passage of food & improve nutrient absorption.

A

Spiral valve

56
Q

(Chondricthyes) Spiracle allows water to continue to enter pharynx & gills even when…

A

Actively feeding

57
Q

(Chondricthyes) Kidney functions mostly in excreting ______ which diffuses constantly into the blood.

A

Salt

58
Q

(Chondricthyes) Urea is retained in ______ to make body fluids isotonic to seawater.

A

Tissues

59
Q

(Chondricthyes) Heart w/ _____ pumping chambers pushes blood forward into the _____ and then back into ________.

A

Two, gills, systemic circulation.

60
Q

(Chondricthyes) _______ - most w/ yolk (nourishes embryo); some have egg cases.

A

Oviparous

61
Q

(Chondricthyes) ________ - retain embryos / yolk sac to nourish them inside the female’s body.

A

Ovoviviparous

62
Q

(Chondricthyes) _________ - nourishment directly from mother either via a placenta or by uterine “milk”.

A

Viviparous

Zoology (16 decks)

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