Insecta Flashcards
Exoskeleton composed of a complex array of plates called ________ (now lighter weight b/c of ________ instead of calcium) that are connected by flexible _______ material.
Scelerites, proteins, hinge
________ - head, thorax & abdomen.
Tagmata
Plates in three positions…
Dorsal, ventral, lateral
Head with _________ eyes (sometimes _____ eyes too).
Large compound, simple
___________ - tactile, olfactory, auditory, ________ - vary by mode of feeding, _________ - tongue like structure, modified for ___________.
Antennae, mouthparts, hypopharynx, various feeding strategies
_________ (crushing), ______ (upper lip), ________ (hold, handle food), ________ (lower lip).
Mandible, labrum, maxillae, labium
Thorax composed of 3 regions each with a pair of appendages…
Prothorax, mesothorax & metathorax
Legs modified for…
Walking, jumping, digging & swimming
Muscles arranged _________ - _______ & _______.
Antagonistically, flexors, extensors
Wings form as extensions of _________ w/ a _________ & thicker “______” that create specific patterns.
The cuticle, double membrane, veins
__________ muscles pull on thorax; ________ muscles pull on wings.
Indirect flight, direct flight
_________: modified second wing that vibrate & stabilize flight.
Halteres
Circulation: _________ heart pushes blood forward into _________; fluid is ___________ w/ some cells but only rarely w/ hemoglobin.
Tubular dorsal, blood sinuses, hemolymph
_______: opening through cuticle which can be closed to slow/manage water loss.
Spiracle
________ form a system of tubules which carry _______ into body for exchange w/ tissues.
Tracheae, gases
Malpighian tubules lie along the __________ in abdomen.
Mid/hind gut
Filter blood in the ________, ________ from protein metabolism is excreted as ________.
Hemocoel, nitrogen, uric acid
Wastes enter gut where water is either ________ or _________ to maintain water content of _________.
Excreted, reabsorbed, hemolymph
Wastes enter gut where water is either ________ or _________ to maintain water content of _________.
Excreted, reabsorbed, hemolymph
Wastes enter gut where water is either ________ or _________ to maintain water content of _________.
Excreted, reabsorbed, hemolymph
Mouth w/ _________ produce enzymes.
Salivary glands
Foregut includes _____ (storage) & _______ (grinding).
Crop, gizzard
Midgut: ________ (chemical digestion) & _________ (absorption of nutrients).
Stomach, gastric ceca
_________: reabsorbs water & digests cellulose (in termite).
Hindgut
________ is for female grasshoppers only, grasshoppers are…
Ovipositor, dimorphic
________ ganglia, meets below the ________ & joins to create an increasingly fused ________.
Dorsal, esophagus, ventral nerve cord
Compound eyes (________) for motion detection; simple eyes (______) for light detection.
Ommatidia, occeli
_______ for tactile & vibration, _________ - membrane for hearing (_________).
Sensilla, tympanum, external eardrum
_________ (taste/smell) via receptors in pits near antennae & mouth parts.
Chemoreception
Regulation of body functions by _________ (_________) & an autonomic nervous system (_______).
Neurosecretory cells, endocrine hormones, involuntary functions
Complete metamorphosis separates growth (_______); differentiation (______); reproduction (________).
Larvae, pupae, adult
Incomplete Metamorphosis increases size, add segments or appendages thru successive molts (________).
Nymphs
__________ occurs as juveniles hatch virtually identical to adults.
Direct development
________ or hibernation is coordinated with the availability of food or an appropriate temperature; usually occurs at the end of a period of growth so the waking insect is ready to ________.
Diapause, molt.
Coloration: _______ (bright; indicating poison) or _______ (to take advantage of another’s’ coloration) or _______ (camouflage).
Warning, Mimicry, Cryptic
__________ - spray noxious chemicals or inject venoms.
Chemical
Bees dance to direct others to food, ants groom, Pheromones - chemicals released by individuals
Communication
