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Zoology > Amphibians > Flashcards

Amphibians Flashcards

1
Q

(What is a tetrapod?) Four ______, _______ limbs

A

Bony, muscular

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2
Q

(What is a tetrapod?) The remainder of tetrapods will be _________ (eggs w/ ____________) reptiles, birds & mammals.

A

Amniotes, extraembryonic membranes

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3
Q

(Moving onto land) Oxygen content of air is ______ than water so those with appropriate gas exchange structures will get ______ blood oxygen saturations in air than in water.

A

Greater, better

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4
Q

(Moving onto land) Air is a lot _____ dense than water so it provides ______ support against ________ meaning _______ skeletal & muscular structures will be needed to ______ the body.

A

Less, less, gravity, more, support

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5
Q

(Moving onto land) Air changes temp ________ so terrestrial animals will develop behavioral (_________) & physiological (_________,__________) that protect them from freezing.

A

Much more rapidly, hibernation, shivering, control of metabolic rate

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6
Q

(Moving onto land) ________ fertilization, ________ on body surface, eggs in ___________ all prevent drying in reproduction.

A

Internal, mucus, gelatinous mass

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7
Q

(Origins of Amphibians) ______ fin fishes w/ muscular, bony limbs (______________) for weight bearing.

A

Lobe, Pectoral girdles & limb bones

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8
Q

(Origins of Amphibians) Lung fishes developed blood supply to __________ for gas exchange which became an __________.

A

Swim bladder, internal lung

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9
Q

(Physiology of Amphibians) Integument is __________ with two layers (_________) & deposits of keratin (__________) to reinforce & water proof it (modified into ____________ in the rest of the amniotes).

A

Thin & moist, dermis & epidermis, tough and fibrous protein, scales and feathers & hair

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10
Q

(Skin secretions) _____ or _______ to waterproof skin.

A

Oil, mucus

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11
Q

(Skin secretions) _______ secrete _______ to irritate & repel predators.

A

Serous glands, toxins

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12
Q

(Physiology of Amphibians) _________ or pigment cells in skin create camouflage or warning pigmentation patterns.

A

Chromatophores

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13
Q

(Physiology of Amphibians) Endoskeleton of cellular bone & cartilage creates a framework for __________ & ____________.

A

Muscle attachment, protection of brain & organs

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14
Q

(Physiology of Amphibians) Muscles arranged…

A

Antagonistically

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15
Q

(Physiology of Amphibians) Flexors ______ while ________ straighten a joint.

A

Bend, extensors

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16
Q

(Physiology of Amphibians) ________ move limb towards the body while _______ move limb away from the body.

A

Adductors, abductors

17
Q

(Physiology of Amphibians) _______ - doesn’t move when muscle contracts

A

Origin

18
Q

(Physiology of Amphibians) ________ - moves when muscle contracts

A

Insertion

19
Q

(Physiology of Amphibians) Respiration without a ________, air must be forced into the lungs by a _____________ (_____________)

A

Rib cage, pouch under the jaw, positive pressure

20
Q

(Physiology of Amphibians) Gills & cutaneous exchange supplement __________ of lung by bringing ______ near the skin surface.

A

Surface area, blood

21
Q

(Physiology of Amphibians) ________ chambered heart brings blood back to the heart following _______ in the _______ for an extra push before it goes to the body.

A

Three, oxygenation, lungs/gills

22
Q

(Physiology of Amphibians) The _____ atrium de-oxygenates blood from body (_______).

A

Right, systemic

23
Q

(Physiology of Amphibians) The _____ atrium oxygenated blood from lungs (_______).

A

Left, pulmonary

24
Q

(Physiology of Amphibians) Common _________ is where some mixing occurs.

A

Ventricle

25
Q

(Physiology of Amphibians) Brain has greater concentration of ________ in the head end as spinal nerves/spinal cord retain only __________ and brain takes on all _________.

A

Nerve tissue, reflex functions, sensory processes.

26
Q

(Physiology of Amphibians) External eardrum (_________) & ossicles transmit sound; _________ semicircular canals.

A

Tympanum, three

27
Q

(Physiology of Amphibians) Tongue is attached at the _______ of the lower jaw for maximum reach w/ _________ for capturing prey.

A

Front, adhesive pads

28
Q

(Physiology of Amphibians) _______ & _______ teeth do not chew only prevent escape.

A

Maxillary, vomerine

29
Q

(Physiology of Amphibians) ________ - Opens to trachea.

A

Glottis

30
Q

(Physiology of Amphibians) ___________ - chem dig & absorbs nutrients.

A

Small Intestine

31
Q

(Physiology of Amphibians) __________ - reabsorbs water.

A

Large Intestine

32
Q

(Physiology of Amphibians) _______ - all mechanical digestion.

A

Stomach

33
Q

(Physiology of Amphibians) _________ - membranes w/ blood vessels.

A

Mesenteries

Zoology (16 decks)

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