Mammalia

Question 1

Metabolism: _________; core body temp maintained by __________ (shivering, sweating, erecting hair, constricting or increasing blood flow) allowing the maintenance of __________.

Answer 1

Endothermic, physiological responses, thermal homeostasis

Question 2

Placental Mammals utilize a special structure which allows exchange of _________, ________ and ________ between the maternal and __________.

Answer 2

Nutrients, gases, wastes, embryonic blood supplies

Question 3

Internal fertilization requires ________ genitals in the male and _______ in the female; gender determine based on _________.

Answer 3

External, internal, chromosome combinations

Question 4

Sensory modifications include _________ and external ears (________).

Answer 4

Moveable eyelids, pinnae

Question 5

___________ teeth are shed during maturation – _________ teeth.

Answer 5

Deciduous, diphyodont

Question 6

Teeth specialized for different functions; incisors ______, canines _________ and molars ________ - ________.

Answer 6

Cut, tear, grind, heterodont

Question 7

_______ separates oral cavity from nasal cavity so breathing and __________ in the mouth can occur simultaneously.

Answer 7

Palate, mechanical digestion

Question 8

Respiratory system improved by the development of a __________ that separates the abdominal from the ___________; seals the cavity to improve _________.

Answer 8

Muscular diaphragm, thoracic cavity, negative pressure

Question 9

________ chambered heart separates pulmonary & systemic circulation with _________.

Answer 9

Four, complete septum

Question 10

Hair grows from cells in the _______ which push upward & die leaving the new empty cell filled with _______.

Answer 10

Follicle, keratin

Question 11

Horns: formed from ______ reinforced ________ (like reptiles) growing over core of _______ coated by dermis so blood supply allows continuous growth from below; never ______, grown by both sexes (_______).

Answer 11

Keratin, epidermis, bone, shed, claws also

Question 12

Antlers: composed of _________ growing under a thin layer of dermis (_______) so once this layer is lost the antler stops growing and will usually be shed at end of the __________.

Answer 12

Solid bone, velvet, reproductive season

Question 13

_________: diet high in protein; short intestine, no cecum.

Answer 13

Insectivore

Question 14

________: meat eating; short intestine & colon, small cecum.

Answer 14

Carnivore

Question 15

__________: simple stomach, longer colon & cecum.

Answer 15

Herbivore

Question 16

__________: four chambered stomach (from which food is regurgitated & chewed further) & very extensive intestine, cecum & colon.

Answer 16

Ruminant

Question 17

Herbivores utilize _________ to help ferment _______ to break it down for energy & extract vitamins.

Answer 17

Native gut bacteria, cellulose

Question 18

__________ – specialized for digestion of grass (cellulose).

Answer 18

Ruminant gut

Question 19

Subclass Prototheria: (“__________”)

Answer 19

1st wild animals

Question 20

(Prototheria) __________; egg-laying - duck-billed platypus & echidna; utilize yolk in the egg incubated in a pouch & then feed on ___________ (w/o ______)

Answer 20

Monotremes, mammary secretions, nipples

Question 21

Infraclass Metatheria: (“__________”)

Answer 21

Next wild animals

Question 22

__________; pouched (not _________, so no implantation of embryo) mammals nourished by ____________/nipple w/in pouch.

Answer 22

Marsupials, placental, true mammary gland

Question 23

Use ___________ (staggered fertilization) where development of embryo in uterus is arrested awaiting first young leaving the pouch; several young produced in one season; all young are born very immature.

Answer 23

Gestational diapause

Question 24

Infraclass Eutheria: (“_________”) viviparous, placental mammals

Answer 24

True wild animals

Question 25

(Eutheria) _________: shrews, hedgehogs & moles.

Answer 25

Insectivores

Question 26

(Eutheria) _________: (“skin wing”) flying lemurs.

Answer 26

Dermoptera

Question 27

(Eutheria) ________: (“hand wing”) bats

Answer 27

Chiroptera

Question 28

(Eutheria) _________: monkeys, apes, gorillas, chimpanzees and humans.

Answer 28

Primates

Question 29

(Eutheria) _______: toothless mammals; anteaters, sloths, armadillos.

Answer 29

Xenarthra

Question 30

(Eutheria) ________: rabbits, hares, pikas (continuously growing incisors, like rodents).

Answer 30

Lagomorpha

Question 31

(Eutheria) _______: gnawing mammals; squirrels, woodchucks, beavers.

Answer 31

Rodentia

Question 32

________ - flesh eating mammals.

Answer 32

Carnivora

Question 33

________ - modified upper lip; elephants.

Answer 33

Proboscidea

Question 34

_______ - manatees.

Answer 34

Sirenia

Question 35

_________ - hoofed animals, classified by number of toes.

Answer 35

Ungulates

Question 36

_________ - whales, dolphins, porpoises

Answer 36

Cetaceans