Mammalia Flashcards
Metabolism: _________; core body temp maintained by __________ (shivering, sweating, erecting hair, constricting or increasing blood flow) allowing the maintenance of __________.
Endothermic, physiological responses, thermal homeostasis
Placental Mammals utilize a special structure which allows exchange of _________, ________ and ________ between the maternal and __________.
Nutrients, gases, wastes, embryonic blood supplies
Internal fertilization requires ________ genitals in the male and _______ in the female; gender determine based on _________.
External, internal, chromosome combinations
Sensory modifications include _________ and external ears (________).
Moveable eyelids, pinnae
___________ teeth are shed during maturation – _________ teeth.
Deciduous, diphyodont
Teeth specialized for different functions; incisors ______, canines _________ and molars ________ - ________.
Cut, tear, grind, heterodont
_______ separates oral cavity from nasal cavity so breathing and __________ in the mouth can occur simultaneously.
Palate, mechanical digestion
Respiratory system improved by the development of a __________ that separates the abdominal from the ___________; seals the cavity to improve _________.
Muscular diaphragm, thoracic cavity, negative pressure
________ chambered heart separates pulmonary & systemic circulation with _________.
Four, complete septum
Hair grows from cells in the _______ which push upward & die leaving the new empty cell filled with _______.
Follicle, keratin
Horns: formed from ______ reinforced ________ (like reptiles) growing over core of _______ coated by dermis so blood supply allows continuous growth from below; never ______, grown by both sexes (_______).
Keratin, epidermis, bone, shed, claws also
Antlers: composed of _________ growing under a thin layer of dermis (_______) so once this layer is lost the antler stops growing and will usually be shed at end of the __________.
Solid bone, velvet, reproductive season
_________: diet high in protein; short intestine, no cecum.
Insectivore
________: meat eating; short intestine & colon, small cecum.
Carnivore
__________: simple stomach, longer colon & cecum.
Herbivore
__________: four chambered stomach (from which food is regurgitated & chewed further) & very extensive intestine, cecum & colon.
Ruminant
Herbivores utilize _________ to help ferment _______ to break it down for energy & extract vitamins.
Native gut bacteria, cellulose
__________ – specialized for digestion of grass (cellulose).
Ruminant gut
Subclass Prototheria: (“__________”)
1st wild animals
(Prototheria) __________; egg-laying - duck-billed platypus & echidna; utilize yolk in the egg incubated in a pouch & then feed on ___________ (w/o ______)
Monotremes, mammary secretions, nipples
Infraclass Metatheria: (“__________”)
Next wild animals
__________; pouched (not _________, so no implantation of embryo) mammals nourished by ____________/nipple w/in pouch.
Marsupials, placental, true mammary gland
Use ___________ (staggered fertilization) where development of embryo in uterus is arrested awaiting first young leaving the pouch; several young produced in one season; all young are born very immature.
Gestational diapause
Infraclass Eutheria: (“_________”) viviparous, placental mammals
True wild animals
(Eutheria) _________: shrews, hedgehogs & moles.
Insectivores
(Eutheria) _________: (“skin wing”) flying lemurs.
Dermoptera
(Eutheria) ________: (“hand wing”) bats
Chiroptera
(Eutheria) _________: monkeys, apes, gorillas, chimpanzees and humans.
Primates
(Eutheria) _______: toothless mammals; anteaters, sloths, armadillos.
Xenarthra
(Eutheria) ________: rabbits, hares, pikas (continuously growing incisors, like rodents).
Lagomorpha
(Eutheria) _______: gnawing mammals; squirrels, woodchucks, beavers.
Rodentia
________ - flesh eating mammals.
Carnivora
________ - modified upper lip; elephants.
Proboscidea
_______ - manatees.
Sirenia
_________ - hoofed animals, classified by number of toes.
Ungulates
_________ - whales, dolphins, porpoises
Cetaceans
