S.U. 4 Glossary

Question 1

Grammar

Answer 1

It is the set of rules which determine the way in which units such as words and phrases can be combined in a language and the kind of info which has to be made regularly explicit in utterances.

Question 2

Morphology

Answer 2

The study of words structure.

The way in which the form of a word changes to indicate contrasts in grammatical systems such as tense and gender.

Question 3

Syntax

Answer 3

The study of the way in which classes of words such as nouns and verbs and functional elements such as subject and object combine to form clauses and sentences.

Question 4

System

Answer 4

Is a set of options or contrasting choices.

Question 5

Aspect

Answer 5

A grammatical category which involves using affixes and changing the form of the verb to indicate the temporal distribution of an event.
For example, whether an event is completed, whether it is momentary or continuous.

Question 6

Gender

Answer 6

A grammatical distinction according to which a noun or pronoun (and sometimes as accompanying adjective, verbs or article).
Marked as either masculine or feminine in some languages.

Question 7

Number

Answer 7

A grammatical category which accounts for the idea of countability.

Question 8

Person

Answer 8

A grammatical category which defines participant roles through a closed system of pronouns.

Question 9

Tense

Answer 9

A grammatical category which involves changing the form of the verb to reflect the location of an event in time.
Past, Present, Future.

Question 10

Voice

Answer 10

A grammatical category which defines the relationship between a verb and its subject.

Question 11

Cohesion

Answer 11

The requirement that a sequence of sentences display grammatical and lexical relationships which ensure the surface continuity of text structure.

Question 12

Coherence

Answer 12

A standard which all-formed texts must meet and which stipulates that the grammatical and lexical relationships ‘hang together’ and make overall sense as text.

Question 13

Genre

Answer 13

Conventional forms of text associated with particular types of social occasion or communicative events.

Question 14

Implicature

Answer 14

The implied meaning conveyed by deliberate non-compliance with rhetorical or linguistic conventions.

Question 15

Information structure

Answer 15

The way that information is structures in a sentence.
This has been addressed in slightly different ways in functional sentence perspective and Hallidayan linguistic.
The sentence, or clause, is divided into a theme (Commonly starts a clause and deals with ‘given’ or known information).
A theme which normally ends a clause and supplies ‘new’ information.

Question 16

Non-text

Answer 16

Words not in a correct/meaningful collocation.
Makes no sense.
No sentence nor paragraphs.

Question 17

Text

Answer 17

A sequence of cohesive and coherent sentences realising a set of mutually relevant intentions.
Cohesion, coherence, intentionality.
Exhibits features which serve a particular contextual focus and identify the text as a token of a given text type.

Question 18

Text type

Answer 18

Classification of texts according to broad type.

Proposed by Reiss, who sees type determining translation strategy.