S.U. 2 Glossary Flashcards
Equivalence
A central term in linguistic-based translation studies, relating to the relationship of similarity between ST and TT segments.
Morpheme
The minimal formal element of meaning in language.
Morphology
The study of word structure, the way in which the form of a word changes to indicate contrast in grammatical systems such as tense and gender.
Untranslatability
When form contributes to the meaning of the text, then untranslatability is reached.
Translatability
The relative notion that has to do with extent to which, despite obvious differences in linguistic structures, meaning can still be adequately expressed across languages.
Word
A single distinct meaningful element of language which phonologically may be preceded and followed by pauses.
Orthographically may be separated by means of spaces or punctuation marks.
Syntactically may be used alone as a single utterance.
Semantically may be assigned one or more dictionary meanings.
Collocational Restriction
Semantically arbitrary restrictions which do not logically follow from the propositional meaning of a word.
Dialect
A variety of language which has currency within a specific community or group of speakers.
Evoked meaning
Meaning which arises from variation in dialect and register.
Expressive meaning
Meaning which relates to the speaker’s feelings or attitude.
Field
An abstract term for ‘what is going on’ that is relevant to the speaker’s choice of linguistic terms.
Lexical meaning
The specific value a word or lexical unit has in a particular linguistic system and the ‘personality’ it acquires through usage within the system.
Mode
An abstract term for the role that the language is playing (speech, essays) and for its medium of transmission (spoken and written).
Presupposed meaning
Meaning which arises from co-occurrence restrictions, namely selectional restrictions and collocational restrictions.
Propositional meaning
Meaning which arises from the relationship between a word or utterance and what it refers to.
Register
The set of features which distinguishes one stretch of language from another in terms of variation in context.
Relating to the language user (geographical dialect, idiolect) and/or language use (field or subject matter, tenor of level of formality and mode or speaking vs writing).
Selectional Restriction
Restrictions which follow logically from the propositional meaning of words.
Tenor
An abstract term for the relationship between the people taking part in the discourse.
Basic level
A word that is used most readily to refer to a given phenomena.
Short and morphological simple.
Dog, tree, pants, fruit.
Componential analysis
Breaking down lexical items into their basic meaning components.
Connotative analysis
The emotional reaction engendered in the reader by a word.
Co-text
The other lexical items that occur before and after a word.
Disambiguation
Differentiation of different senses of a word.
False friend
Words or expressions which have the same form in two or more languages but convey different meanings.
