S.U. 1 Glossary

Question 1

Intralingual Translation

Answer 1

Translation within the same language which can include rewording or paraphrasing.

Question 2

Interlingual Translation

Answer 2

Translation from one language to another.

Text that is translated from Eng to Afr.

Question 3

Intersemiotic Translation

Answer 3

Translation from the verbal sign to the non-verbal sign.

A script translated into film.

Question 4

Translation (4)

Answer 4

An action/process that focuses on the role of the translator.
Converts the ST into TT.
The product of the process of translation.
The concrete translation product produced by the translator.

Question 5

Translation Studies

Answer 5

Pure Translation Studies (Existing translation and general and partial translation theories).

Applied Translation Studies (Training translators, translation resources and translation criticism).

Question 6

Comprehensibility

Answer 6

The accessibility and transparency of a TT in conveying ST meaning efficiently, effectively and appropriately.

Question 7

Content

Answer 7

The level of lexical and semantic meaning of an expression

Question 8

Contextual motivation

Answer 8

Entails the intention to produce certain rhetorical effects, using language in a conscious deliberate manner for that purpose.

Question 9

Dynamic equivalence

Answer 9

Used when the ST needs some explication and adjustment.
To promote comprehensibility when formal equivalence can lead to unmotivated opaqueness.
These texts are usually more content-bound than form-bound.

Question 10

Equivalence

Answer 10

A central term in linguistic-based translation studies, relating to the relationship of similarity between ST and TT segments.

Question 11

Form

Answer 11

The shape or the appearance of the linguistic unit in contrast to its content.

Question 12

Formal equivalence

Answer 12

Also known as structural correspondence.
Involves the purely ‘formal’ replacement of one word or phrase in the SL by another in the TL.
Not the same as Literal Translation.

Question 13

Translatability

Answer 13

The extent to which it is possible to translate from one language to another.
Those who argue for the possibility suggest that anything which can be said in one language can be said in another.

Question 14

Translationese

Answer 14

Peculiarities of language use in translation.

Question 15

Clause

Answer 15

It is a unit constructed around a verb phrase.

Question 16

Grammatical unit

Answer 16

Meaningful units that combine with each other in systemic ways.

Question 17

Information structure

Answer 17

The way information is structures in a sentence.
Been addressed in different ways in functional sentence perspective and Hallidayan linguistics.
The sentence, or clause, is divided into theme and rheme.
Starts with ‘given’/known info and ends with new info, in English.

Question 18

Morpheme

Answer 18

The minimal formal element of meaning in language.

Question 19

Phrase

Answer 19

It may consist of a single word or a group of words and its identity can be shown by substitution or movement tests.

Question 20

Rank scale

Answer 20

A term used by Halliday to refer to different linguistic units, namely morpheme, word, group, clause and sentence.

Question 21

Sentence

Answer 21

A set of words that is complete in itself, conveying a statement, question, exclamation or command and typically containing a subject and a predicate.

Question 22

Translation unit

Answer 22

The linguistic element (word, clause, sentence, text) used by the translator in the process of translation.

Question 23

Word

Answer 23

A single distinct meaningful element of language which phonologically may be preceded and followed by pauses.
Orthographically may be separated by means of spaces or punctuation marks.
Syntactically may be used alone as a single utterance.
Semantically may be assigned one or more dictionary meanings.