study session Flashcards
1
Q
LEGAL AGE verbally or non-verbally that he or she is will to accept treatment
A
expressed consent
2
Q
understands who you are / what you want to do & what has happened & allows you to treat them
A
informed consent
3
Q
- does not specifically refuse emergency care
- does not hesitate to treat an unconscious patient
- law assumes that if in the right state of mind these people would consent to
emergency care and therefor allows you to treat these people.
A
implied consent
4
Q
- are not considered capable of speaking for themselves.
- Emergency treatment must wait until a patient or legal guardian consent to the
treatment. - If permission cannot be quickly obtained, do not hesitate to give appropriate
medical care.
A
consent for minors ( less than 18 years old)
5
Q
- If a person appears to be a threat to themselves or others, then this person
should be placed under medical care - Application for an Authorization of Temporary
Involuntary Hospitalization. (may restrain a person)
A
Consent of Mentally Ill Patients
6
Q
whose safety is the most important
A
police officers safety
7
Q
- most common type of external blood loss
- the blood oozes out
- apply direct pressure to the site
A
capillary bleeding
8
Q
a. Second most common type
b. This bleeding has a steady low
c. Apply direct pressure for at least 5 minutes
A
Venous Bleeding
9
Q
a. Most serious type of bleeding
b. Arterial blood spurts or surges with each heartbeat
c. Exert direct pressure and maintain pressure until EMS arrives
A
Arterial Bleeding
10
Q
a. Place a dry, sterile dressing directly on the wound and press with a gloved hand.
b. Wrap the dressing and wound snugly with a roller gauze bandage.
c. Do not remove the dressing after you apply it.
A
Direct Pressure
11
Q
- Occurs when the person’s body temperature drops to less than 95° F (35°C)
- The person’s body is not able to produce enough energy to keep the internal
temperature at a satisfactory level. - People most susceptible, include:
a. Those with poor or wet clothing
b. Individuals who are weakened by illness
A
Hyporthermia
12
Q
is the tearing away of the skin.
A
Avulsions
13
Q
i. Located
ii. Placed in a clean plastic bag
iii. Kept cool
iv. Taken to the hospital for possible reattachment
A
Amputations
14
Q
If an entire body part is torn away, the wound
A
traumatic amputation
15
Q
The best defense against hypothermia is to
A
prevent it before it happens.
- Wear the appropriate uniform/gear for the weather conditions
16
Q
a. Move the patient to a warm location
b. Remove wet clothing
c. Place warm blankets over and under the patient
A
hypothermia treatment
17
Q
how does a police officer deal with a patient having hypothermia?
A
a. If you do not have access to a building, move the patient to a heated vehicle.
b. To warm the fingers, have the patient place their hands in their armpits or under
clothing.
c. Handle the patient gently
18
Q
do you CPR a hypothermia patient?
A
YES:
a. If a patient is unresponsive and a pulse cannot be detected you will need to
begin CPR
b. Always start CPR and use an AED on hypothermia patients even if you believe
they have been dead for several hours.
(1) A patient is NOT DEAD until they are WARM and DEAD
19
Q
- Occurs when a patient is exposed to temperatures greater than 80°F (27°C)
- Can also occur as the result of vigorous exercise at lower temperatures
A
Heat Exhaustion
20
Q
a. Profuse sweating
b. Lightheadedness
c. Dizziness
d. Nausea
e. Weak pulse
f. Low blood pressure
A
Signs and symptoms: Heat Exhaustion
21
Q
- Occurs when the body is subjected to more heat than it can handle and the normal
mechanisms for getting rid of excessive heat are overwhelmed. - The patient’s body temperature rises, the brain is affected, and mental status changes will occur.
A
Heatstroke
22
Q
a. Flushed, dry skin that feels hot to the touch
b. Semi consciousness or unconsciousness
c. Internal temperature as high as 106° F (41.1 C)
A
Heatstroke: Signs and Symptoms:
23
Q
- Remove the patient from the hot environment
- Remove the patient’s cloths down to the underwear and bra.
- Soak the patient with water if possible.
- Cool patient with ice packs in axillary and groin areas.
A
Treatment: Heatstroke
24
Q
Can result from parts of the body being exposed to the cold environment.
A
Frostbite
25
The best defense against frostbite
to prevent it before it happens.
26
a. The affected body part becomes numb and then turns bright red in color.
b. Eventually the area loses its color and changes to pale white.
c. There may be a loss of feeling or sensation.
d. Warming the area must be done quickly and carefully.
e. Do not warm the area by rubbing it.
Superficial Frostbite (frostnip)
27
a. The patient’s skin will be white and waxy.
b. The skin may be firm or frozen.
c. Swelling and blisters may be present
Deep Frostbite
28
Occurs if the body has enough insulin but not enough blood glucose.
Insulin Shock (Hypoglycemia)
29
1) Pale, moist, cool skin
(2) Rapid, weak pulse
(3) Dizziness or headache
(4) Confusion or unconsciousness
(5) Sweating
(6) Hunger
(7) Rapid Onset of Symptoms (within minutes)
Insulin Shock (Hypoglycemia): Signs and symptoms
30
caused by the body’s inability to process and use glucose.
Diabetes
31
The body produces insulin
which enables glucose to move into individual cells
32
If the body does not produce enough insulin,
the cells become “starved” for
sugar and diabetes results
33
A person who experiences insulin shock may appear
drunk
34
can be classified according to the way it enters the body
Poisoning
35
- More than 80% of all cases of poisonings are caused by ingestion.
- Chemical burns, odors, or stains may be found around the patient’s mouth
Ingested Poisons
35
a. Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea
b. Abdominal pain
c. Abnormal or decreased respirations
d. Loss of consciousness
e. Seizures
Ingested Poisons: Signs and symptoms
35
common causes
- Improperly vented heating appliances
- Smoke (Burning Buildings)
Carbon Monoxide
36
. Some people may experience an extreme allergic reaction and go into
Anaphylactic Shock.
36
swelling airway / HIVES
Signs and Symptoms of Anaphylactic Shock
37
- Caused by sudden episodes of uncontrolled electrical impulses in the brain
Seizures
38
a. Produce shaking movements
b. Involve the entire body
c. Lasts 1 to 2 minutes
d. Usually leave the patients unconscious
Generalized Seizures
39
a. Generalized seizures caused by a sudden high fever
b. Occur in infants and young children
Febrile Seizures
40
a. Results in only a brief lapse of consciousness
b. Patients may blink, stare vacantly, or jerk one part of their body
c. Monitor the patient’s CAB’s.
Absence Seizures
41
If the form is valid, and the patient is in cardiac arrest, DO OR DONT resusciate
DONT resusciate
42
If the blocked area is critical, the heart may stop completely causing what??
cardiac arrest
43
- Complete cessation of the heartbeat is
cardiac arrest
44
CPR and Defibrillation is your first emergency treatment.
cardiac arrest
45
If a person is not overdosing and I give them naloxone will it hurt them?
No. If in doubt give them Naloxone
46
Will Naloxone work on an alcohol overdose?
No. Naloxone only works on opioids
47
What if it is a crack/cocaine or speed/methamphetamine overdose?
No. Naloxone only works on opioids
48
What is the risk period for an overdose to reoccur after giving
Naloxone?
Depends on how long acting the opioid is and how much they took
49
a. Review the dispatch information
b. Ensure scene safety
c. Determine the mechanism of injury or nature of illness
d. Take standard precautions
e. Determine the number of patients
Scene Size-Up
50
i. One rescuer supports the patient’s head and neck while the second
rescuer moves the patient by lifting under the arms
ii. The patient is removed with the head and neck stabilized on a neutral position
Emergency Drag from a Vehicle
( 2 or more rescuers)
51
i. Grasp the patient under the arms and cradle the patient’s head between
your arms
ii. Pull the patient down into a horizontal position as you ease him or her
from the vehicle
Emergency Drag from a Vehicle
( One rescuer )
52
is an object placed directly on a wound to control bleeding and
prevent further contamination.
dressing
53
e is used to hold the dressing in place.
bandage
54
a. Ensure completely covers the wound and extends beyond all
sides of the wound.
b. Wrap just tightly enough to control bleeding, but not so tightly that the circulation is cut off.
c. Check circulation regularly, if the pulse is absent remove the bandaging and
reapply it with disturbing the dressing.
d. Secure the so that it does not slip.
bandage
55
a. Reddened and painful skin
b. The injury is confined to the outmost layers of the skin.
c. The patient experiences minor to moderate pain
Superficial Burns (First Degree Burns)
56
a. Does not damage the deepest layers of the skin.
b. Blistering present
c. Fluid loss and moderate to severe pain
d. Usually heal within 2 to 3 w
Partial-thickness Burns (Second Degree Burns)
57
a. Damage is done to all the layers of skin
b. Pain is absent because the nerve endings have been destroyed.
c. Patients lose large quantities of body fluids and are susceptible to shock and
infection.
Full-Thickness Burns (Third Degree Burns)
58
A burn to any part of the airway
Respiratory Burn
59
bandaging finger numb no pulse
loosing the dressing
60
when you see babies head
crowning
61
connects muscles to the bones
tendons
62
main purpose of respiratory system
delivers oxygen
63
fluid component of blood
plasma
64
brain & spine is in what system
nervous system
65
a. Indicated only in situations where extremity bleeding cannot be controlled by
direct pressure or elevation
b. After applying a write TK and the time of application on the patient's forehead
c. If use is indicated, it should be paired with use of a hemostatic
dressing if available
Tourniquets
66
2nd stage of labor
child born
67
bruise: bleeding inside
contusion
68
The heart receives its oxygen through a complex system of
coronary arteries.
69
- Chest pain caused by inadequate flow of blood and oxygen to the heart muscle.
- The patient is often short of breath and sweating, is extremely frightened, and has a
sense of impending doom
Angina Pectoris
70
a. Use if you suspect a neck injury
b. Place the patient on his or her back.
c. Place your fingers behind the lower and move forward
d. Tilt the head back to a neutral or slight sniffing position
e. Use your thumbs to keep the patients tongue and lower from blocking the
airway
Jaw Thrust Maneuve
71
what color is vein blood
dark red blood
72
Look for the cause of the injury
Mechanism of Injury
73
Musculoskeletal injuries are caused by three types of mechanisms of injury
a. Direct force
b. Indirect force
c. Twisting Force
74
communication provided by the officer
clear & concise
75
when the EMT get to the scene give them a
hand off report
76
the recovery position prevents secretions from entering
trachea
77
is the state of collapse of the cardiovascular system that results in
inadequate delivery of blood to the organs
Shock
78
what color blood cells fight infection
white
79
if three or more ribs are broken
in at least two places,
79
roles & responsibilities
1. Reporting – The Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) is contacted.
2. Dispatch – Appropriate equipment and personnel are dispatched to the scene.
3. First Response – Law Enforcement Officers and Firefighters are likely to be on the scene.
4. EMS Response – An ambulance staffed by EMT-Basics, EMT-Intermediates, or
Paramedics should arrive shortly thereafter.
80
is now known as Standard Precautions
Body Substance Isolation
81
is a System of Infection Control
Standard Precautions
82
Recovery Position:
Unconscious patients who have not suffered trauma should be placed in the recovery
position
o Helps keep airway open
o Allows secretions to drain from the mouth
83
a) You must proceed promptly to the scene and render emergency medical care within the
limits of your training and available equipment
b) Failure to respond or render care leaves you and your agency vulnerable to legal action
duty to act
84
Long backboards are NOT considered
standard of care
85
standard of care
is the way you must act or believe
86
occurs when a patient sustains further injury or harm because the care administered did not meet the standard of care.
Negligence
87
Information should be shared only with other medical personnel who are directly
involved in the patient’s care.
* In certain circumstances, you may release confidential information to designated
individuals.
confidentiality
88
is similar to knowing your limitations it’s like how much we can do
Scope of care
89
If the form is not current and valid,
begin resuscitation.
90
connects bones together
ligaments
91
congestive heart failure
swollen ankles
92
cardiac oxygen exceeds demand supply
anginis pectoris
93
DO NO HARM PROVIDE
proper care
94
3rd stage of birth
placenta devlivers
95
diaphragm
abs & chest separated
96
carry blood away from heart
arteries
97
doesnt pump adequate
congestive heart failure
98
to any dog trained to help a person who has a disability, such as visual impairment,
hearing impairment, mental illness (like posttraumatic stress disorder), seizures, mobility impairment, and diabete
service dog
99
what can stop blood bleeding
direct pressure
100
their responsibilities are to provide psychological or
physiological therapy to individuals other than their handlers.
therapy dogs
101
Emotional Support Animals
animal must be beneficial for your health and not put you or anyone else in
harm's way
102
dogs work during active crises and in emergency
situations—both natural and manmade
Comfort animals
103
are used in both conscious and unconscious patients who are not able to
maintain an open airway
Nasal Airways
104
a. Place the patient on his or her back
b. Place one hand on the patient’s forehead and apply firm backward pressure
c. Place the tips of your fingers under the bony part of the lower jaw
d. Lift the chin forward and tilt the head back.
Head Tilt-Chin Lift Maneuve
105
is to identify immediate life threats to the
patient
primary assessment
106
A: Awake and Alert
V: Responsive to Verbal
P: Responsive to Pain
U: Unresponsive
AVPU
107
is done to assess non-life-threatening conditions.
secondary assessment
108
This is the ability of the circulatory system to return blood
Squeeze the patient’s nail bed firmly between your thumb and forefinger until
the nail bed looks pale.
Capillary Refill
109
S - Signs and Symptoms
b. A – Allergies
c. M – Medications
d. P – Pertinent Past Medical History
e. L – Last Oral Intake
f. E – Events Leading Up to the Injury or Illness
SAMPLE History
110
caused by a blood clot that blocks blood supply to a part of the brain
stroke
111
a. The normal adult resting respiratory rate is 12 to 20 breaths per minute.
(1) -8 is too low
(2) 30 is too high
b. Count the patient’s breaths for one minute.
(1) Or count for 30 seconds and multiply by 2.
(2) Or count by 15 seconds and multiply by 4.
c. Check the breathing rate and quality.
(1) Normal
(2) Rapid
(3) Labored
(4) Snoring
(5) Wheezing
Respiration ( secondary assessment )
112
a. Indicates the speed and force of the heartbeat
b. Take the radial pulse on the conscious person.
c. Take the carotid pulse of an unconscious person.
d. Take the brachial pulse of an infant patient.
e. In a normal adult, the resting pulse is 60 to 100 beats per minute.
f. Determine the rhythm and the quality:
(1) Normal
(2) Rapid
(3) Bounding
(4) Weak
(5) Thready
Pulse ( secondary assessment )
