chapter 15

Question 1

musculoskeletal

Answer 1

• support
• culture
• creates red blood cells with oxygen

Question 2

Skeletal System

Answer 2

a. Consists of 206 bones
b. Acts as the supporting framework for the body

Question 3

Functions of the skeletal system

Answer 3

(1) To support the body
(2) To protect vital structures
(3) To assist in body movement
(4) To manufacture red blood cells

Question 4

Muscular System

Answer 4

• helps our bones move

Question 5

Musculoskeletal injuries are caused by three types of mechanisms of injury (MOI’s)

Answer 5

a. Direct force: hit someone in the head
b. Indirect force: car accident
c. Twisting Force: bone twisting

Question 6

open fracture

Answer 6

compound fracture
* the bone comes through the skin
* bleeding

Question 7

close fracture

Answer 7

• the bone inside your skin
• bleeding

Question 8

Types of Injuries

Answer 8

Fractures
Dislocations
Sprains and Strains

Question 9

Fractures

Answer 9

is a broken bone

Question 10

Dislocations

Answer 10

that tears the supporting ligaments of the skin.
* can damage nearby nerves and blood vessels.

Question 11

Sprains

Answer 11

is a joint injury caused by excessive stretching of the supporting
ligaments.

Question 12

Strains

Answer 12

caused by stretching or tearing of a muscle

Question 13

Examination of Musculoskeletal Injuries

Answer 13

• Examination of the Injured Limb
• Evaluation of circulation, sensation, and movement
• All limb injuries are treated the same way in the field
• ALWAYS CHECK TOP AND BELOW OF THE LIMB

Question 14

Injuries to the Head

Answer 14

• Head and spinal cord injuries are common causes of death.
• lead to irreversible paralysis and permanent brain damage.
• A serious head injury may produce Raccoon Eyes and Battle’s sign

Question 15

human skull has two primary parts

Answer 15

a. The cranium
b. The facial bones

Question 16

Types of head injuries

Answer 16

a. In a closed head injury, bleeding and swelling within the skull may increase
pressure on the brain, leading to brain damage and death.
b. An open head injury usually bleeds profusely.
c. Brain tissue or bone may be visible.

Question 17

Injuries to the Face

Answer 17

Airway obstruction is the primary danger in severe facial injuries

Question 18

Treatment of Facial Injuries

Answer 18

• open airway
• slight pressure

Question 19

Injuries to the Spine: Mechanism of Injury

Answer 19

a. A displaced vertebra, swelling, or bleeding may put pressure on the spinal cord
and damage it.
b. In severe cases, the spinal cord may be severed.
c. Injury to the spinal cord high in the neck paralyzes the diaphragm and results in
death due to their inability to breathe.

Question 20

Signs and Symptoms of Spinal Cord Injuries

Answer 20

a. Extremity weakness, numbness, paralysis, or loss of movement.
b. Loss of sensation or movement, or a tingling/burning sensation in any part of the
body below the neck.
c. Priapism in males
d. Loss of bladder or bowel control.

Question 21

Injuries to the Chest: fracture

Answer 21

b. To determine whether a rib is bruised or broken, apply some pressure to another
part of the rib.
c. Be alert for signs and symptoms of internal injury, particularly shock.
d. Prevent excessive movement of the patient.
e. Administer oxygen if it is available and you are trained to use it.

Question 22

Injuries to the Chest: Flail Chest

Answer 22

a. If three or more ribs are broken in at least two places, the injured portion of the
chest wall does not move with the rest of the chest.
b. A flail chest decreases the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanged in
the lungs.

Question 23

Injuries to the Chest: Treatment of the Flail Chest

Answer 23

a. It may be helpful to support the patients breathing using a bag valve mask and
supplemental oxygen.
b. Monitor and support the CAB’s.\