chapter 2 Flashcards
critical incident stress management
comprehensive stress management program that is available through some public safety department
critical incident stress management teams
be activated to support police / fire / EMS / services in the commonwealth of MA 24/7
hazards at emergency scenes
- infectious disease & blood borne pathogens
infectious disease
- practice body substance isolation also know as standard precautions
- treat ALL human blood & other bodily fluids & other potentially infectious material ( OPIM) as known to be infectious with a blood borne disease
standard precautions
a system of infection control
4 means of transmission
- direct contact
- indirect contact
- airborne
- vector borne
puncture wound
sharp object goes through skin
mucous membrane contact
- blood
- sputum ( salivia )
- oral secretions
- nasal secretions
HIV: human immunodeficiency virus
- leads to AIDS
- affect the immune system
- transfer through contact with infected blood
- DOES NOT live OUTSIDE the body
- no vaccine or cure
HAV : hepatitis A
- cause an acute infection of the liver
- transferred through FECES / CONTACT with food or drinks
- LIVE OUTSIDE the body for MONTHS
- vaccine: 2 shots ( 6 months apart) / combined with HBV vaccine
- treatment: 2 weeks AFTER exposure
HBV: Hepatitis B
- affects the liver & can be acute or chronic infection
- disease is transferred through blood / semen / other bodily fluids usually through an unprotected exposure
- CAN LIVE OUTSIDE for at least 7 days
- vaccine: 3 injections
- initial injection
- 2nd & 3rd injection 6 months later
- titer ( concentration is drawn to ensure immunity)
- NO CURE
HCV: Hepatitis C
- affects the liver can be acute or chronic infection
- transferred through contact with infected blood / unprotected exposure
- CAN LIVE OUTSIDE up to 3 weeks
- no vaccine
- several treatment
symptoms for HAV / HBV / HCV
- fever
- fatigue
- loss of appetite
- nausea
- vomiting
- dark urine
- joint pain
- jaundice ( yellowing of the skin or eyes )
bacterial meningitis
- most severe
- transferred through contact with infected saliva or mucus
- VACCINE some cases
- MEDICATIONS available
viral meningitis
- LESS SEVER
- transferred through contact with infected saliva or mucus
- NO VACCINE
- some medications
meningitis
- inflammation of protective coverings of the brain & spinal cord
- caused by several bacterias not all that get infected will develop
signs & symptoms of meningitis
- fever
- headache
- stiff neck
- nausea
- vomiting
- increased sensitivity to light
- altered mental state
methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
- cause serious infections
- people who have weak immune system
- transferred through contact with infected skin or bodily fluids or contact with contaminated objects & equipment
- occur in health care settings
- NO CURE
- are medications
tuberculosis ( TB)
- usually attacks the lungs
- bacteria can attack any part of the body such as kidney / spine & brain
- fatal
- transferred through the AIR from 1 person to another ( sneezes / speaks or sings)
- NO VACCINE
- CURE
signs & symptoms of tuberculosis:
- bad cough
- pain in chest
- weakness or fatigue
- no appetite
- chills
- fever
standard precautions ( BSI)
- assume patients are infected with blood born pathogens
- use protective equipment
- always wear gloves
- DO NOT RECAP CUT OR BEND USED NEEDLES
proper glove removal technique
- partially remove the first glove by pinching at the wrist
a. only the outside of the glove - remove the second glove by pinching the exterior with your partially gloved hand
- pull the second glove inside out toward the finger tips
* grasp both gloves with your free hand touching only the clean interior surfaces
decontamination of equipment HANDCUFFS
- spray & let sit 6-7 min or submerge for 6-7 min
decontamination of equipment BOOTS
- spray & let sit 8-10m min
