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1st responce > chapter 14 > Flashcards

chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

threatening problems

A
  • damage to the internal soft tissues & organ can cause life
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2
Q

3 threatening problems

A
  • internal bleeding results in shock
  • shock
  • more trauma patients die from shock than from any other condition
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3
Q

shock

A

is the state of collapse of the cardiovascular that results in inadequate delivery of blood to the organs
* failure of the circulatory system.

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4
Q

Standard Precautions and Soft-Tissue Injuries

A

all body fluids are potentially infectious.

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5
Q

Circulatory failure three primary causes

A

a. Pump failure
b. Pipe Failure
c. Fluid Loss

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6
Q

Pump Failure

A

result from a heart attack

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7
Q

Cardiogenic Shock

A

occurs if the heart cannot pump enough blood to supply the needs of
the body.

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8
Q

Pipe Failure is caused by

A

expansion, constriction and ultimately the breakage of the vessel
a. Blood pools in the capillaries
b. The rest of the body is deprived of blood
c. Blood pressure falls and shock results

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9
Q

Fluid Loss

A

caused by excessive bleeding (hemorrhage) or loss of other body fluids
a. Blood escapes from a wound and the system’s total fluid level drops.
b. The heart begins to pump faster to maintain pressure in the pipes.
c. The pump eventually stops pumping, resulting in cardiac arrest

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10
Q

External Bleeding

A
  • can see?
  • easy to detect
    ( 1) Bruising
    (2) Swelling
    (3) Rigidity in the affected area
    (4) Severe pain in the immediate area
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11
Q

how many pints does an average adult have?

A

12 pints ( 5.7L) blood circulating in the system

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12
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Shock

A
  • deprives the body of sufficient blood to function normally.
  • progresses, the body alters its functions to maintain sufficient blood
    supply.
    ( 1) Confusion, agitation, restlessness, or anxiety First Responder Student Lesson Plan
    (2) Cold, clammy, sweaty, pale skin
    (3) Rapid breathing
    (4) Rapid, weak pulse
    (5) Increased capillary refill time
    (6) Nausea and vomiting
    (7) Weakness or fainting
    (8) Thirst
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13
Q

General Treatment for Shock

A

a. Position the patient correctly.
(1) Lay the patient flat on his or her back on a horizontal surface.
b. Keep the patient lying supine.
(1) Controlling major bleeding.
c. Maintain the patient’s CBA’s.
d. Treat the cause of shock, if possible.
e. Maintain the patient’s body temperature.
f. Do not allow the patient to drink or eat.
(1) Eating may cause vomiting
(2) Patient’s in shock may need surgery and should not have anything in
their stomachs.
g. If you have oxygen and are trained to use it, provide it to shock patients

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14
Q

Shock Caused by Fluid Loss

A

a. Bleeding from stomach ulcers, ruptured blood vessels, or tumors can cause
internal bleeding and shock.
b. Patients with internal bleeding may exhibit:
First Responder Student Lesson Plan
c. Coughing or vomiting of blood
d. Abdominal tenderness, rigidity, bruising and distention
e. Rectal bleeding
f. Vaginal bleeding in women

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15
Q

Controlling External Blood Loss: Capillary Bleeding

A

a. Most common type of external blood loss
b. The blood oozes out
c. Apply direct pressure to the site
( nose bleed)

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16
Q

Controlling External Blood Loss: : Venous Bleeding

A

a. Second most common type
b. This bleeding has a steady flow
c. Apply direct pressure for at least 5 minutes
( vein burst )

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17
Q

Controlling External Blood Loss: : Arterial Bleeding

A

a. Most serious type of bleeding
b. Arterial blood spurts or surges with each heartbeat
c. Exert direct pressure and maintain pressure until EMS arrives

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18
Q

Direct Pressure

A

a. Place a dry, sterile dressing directly on the wound and press with a gloved hand.
b. Wrap the dressing and wound snugly with a roller gauze bandage.
c. Do not remove the dressing after you apply it.

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19
Q

Tourniquets

A

a. Indicated only in situations where extremity bleeding cannot be controlled by direct pressure or elevation
b. write TK and the time of application on the patient’s forehead
c. use is indicated, it should be paired with use of a hemostatic
dressing if available

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20
Q

Pressure Points

A
  • prevent blood from flowing into the limb by compressing the
    artery again the bone.
  • The brachial artery pressure point, and the femoral artery pressure point are the
    most important
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21
Q

Closed Wounds

A

wound’s the skin remains intact.
* bruise

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22
Q

Open Wounds

A

in a break in the skin.

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23
Q

Abrasion

A
  1. scrape, road rash, or rug burn.
    2 Occurs when the skin is rubbed across a rough surface
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24
Q

Puncture

A

(1) Occurs when a sharp object penetrates the skin.
(2) May cause a deep injury that is not immediately recognized.
(3) Puncture wounds do not bleed freely.
(4) An impaled object sticks out of the skin.
(5) A gunshot wound is a special type of puncture wound.

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25
Q

Laceration

A

( 1) The most common type of open wound.
(2) Commonly called a cut.
(3) Minor lacerations may require little care.
(4) Large lacerations can cause extensive bleeding and even be life threatening.

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26
Q

Avulsions

A

is the tearing away of the skin.

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27
Q

traumatic amputation

A

If an entire body part is torn away, the wound

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28
Q

Amputated parts

A

a. Located
b. Placed in a clean plastic bag
c. Kept cool
d. Taken to the hospital for possible reattachment

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29
Q

Principles of Wound Treatment

A
  1. Very minor bruises need no treatment.
  2. Other closed wounds should be treated by:
    a. Applying ice and gentle compression
    b. Elevating the injured part
  3. Splint all major contusions
  4. Stop bleeding as quickly as possible using the cleanest dressing available
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30
Q

Dressing and Bandaging Wounds

A

a Control bleeding
b. Prevent further contamination
c. Immobilize the injured part
d. Prevent movement of impaled objects

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31
Q

dressing

A

is an object placed directly on a wound to control bleeding and
prevent further contamination

32
Q

Once a dressing is in place

A

apply firm, direct manual pressure on it to stop any
bleeding.

33
Q

Bandaging

A

used to hold the dressing in place.
* Roller gauze or triangular bandages are commonly used in the field.

34
Q

Face and Scalp Wounds

A
  • A relatively small laceration to the face and scalp can result in a large amount of
    bleeding.
  • You can control almost all facial or scalp bleeding by applying direct pressure.
35
Q

For wounds inside the cheek

A

a. Hold gauze pad inside the mouth.
b. Always keep the airway open.

36
Q

Scalp lacerations can be associated

A

skull fractures or brain injury.

37
Q

scalp lacerations will skull fracture

A

a. If brain tissue or bone fragments are visible, do not apply pressure.
b. Cover the wound loosely.

38
Q

Nosebleeds

A

injury, high blood pressure, dry air, or from no apparent
cause.

39
Q

Nosebleeds Management

A

a. Unless the patient is experiencing shock, have the patient sit down and tilt the
head forward.
b. Pinch both nostrils together for at least 5 minutes.

40
Q

Eye Injuries

A

cover the entire eye with a dry gauze pad

41
Q

eye injury impaled object

A

a. Immediately place the patient on his or her back and cover the injured eye with
a dressing and a paper cup so the impaled object cannot move.
b. Bandage both eyes

42
Q

Neck Wounds

A
  1. Use direct pressure to control bleeding.
  2. Once bleeding is controlled, dress the neck
  3. rare circumstances, you may have to exert finger pressure above and below the injury
    site to prevent further neck bleeding.
43
Q

most trauma air way problems with neck

A

a. Maintain the patient’s airway
b. Stabilize the head and neck

44
Q

Chest and Back Wounds

A
  • air gets in but has a hard time getting out
    1. Place the patient in a comfortable position.
    2. If the lung is punctured, air can escape, and the lung will collapse
45
Q

lung collapse

A

a. The patient may cough up bright red blood.
b. Cover the open chest wound with an airtight material on all sides (occlusive
dressing).
c. Administer oxygen if you are trained to use it.

46
Q

Chest wounds may damage the heart:

A

a. Seal the wound on all three sides and monitor the CAB’s.
b. Treat the patient for shock and perform CPR, if necessary.
c. Monitor the patient for increased difficulty breathing and arrange for prompt
transportation.
d. Use of a commercial occlusive dressing allows you to be effective while saving
time.
e. Monitor the patient for increased difficulty breathing

47
Q

Impaled Objects

A
  1. Apply a stabilizing dressing.
  2. If an object is protruding from the abdomen:
    a. Do not attempt to remove it.
    b. Support the object so it cannot move
    c. Place gauze or towels on either side of the object and secure them with
    additional gauze.
48
Q

Closed Abdominal Wounds

A
  1. The result of a direct blow from a blunt object.
  2. Look for bruises or other marks on the abdomen.
  3. Whenever a patient experiences shock, there may be internal abdominal injuries.
    a. Place these patients on their backs.
    b. Use blankets to conserve their body heat.
  4. If the patient is vomiting blood, it may be an indication of bleeding from the esophagus
    or stomach:
    a. Monitor the airway and vital signs
    b. Give the patient nothing by mouth
    c. Arrange for prompt transport
49
Q

Open Abdominal Wounds

A
  1. Usually, they result from a slashing with a knife or other sharp object.
  2. If the intestines are protruding:
    a. Place the patient on his or her back with their knees bent.
    b. Cover the injured area with a sterile trauma dressing.
    c. Do not attempt to replace intestines inside the abdomen.
50
Q

Genital Wounds

A
  1. Male and female genitals have a rich blood supply, so injury to these areas can result in
    severe bleeding.
  2. Apply direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing.
  3. Although it may be embarrassing to examine the patient’s genital area, you must do so
    of you suspect injuries.
51
Q

Extremity Wounds

A
  1. Apply a dry, sterile compression dressing and bandage it securely in place.
  2. Splint all injured extremities prior to transport because there may be an underlying
    fracture
52
Q

Gunshot Wounds

A
  1. Most deaths from gunshot wounds result from internal blood loss.
  2. Gunshot wounds to the trunk and neck are a major cause of spinal cord injuries.
53
Q

Gunshot Wounds Treatment

A

a. Open the airway and establish adequate ventilation and circulation.
b. Control any external bleeding with dressings and direct pressure.
c. Examine the patient thoroughly to locate all entrance and exit wounds.
d. Treat for symptoms of shock.
e. Perform CPR if the patient’s heart stops.

54
Q

Bites

A
  1. carry a high risk of infection.
  2. Minor bites can be washed with soap and water.
  3. With major bite wounds, control the bleeding and apply a dressing and bandage.
55
Q

Burns

A
  1. The skin serves as a barrier that prevents foreign substances from entering the body.
  2. It also prevents the loss of body fluids.
    a. When the skin is damaged, it can no longer perform these essential functions.
56
Q

Burns are classified by depth

A

A. Superficial Burns (First Degree Burns)
B. Partial-thickness Burns (Second Degree Burns)
C. Full-Thickness Burns (Third Degree Burns)

57
Q

Superficial Burns (First Degree Burns)

A

a. Reddened and painful skin
b. The injury is confined to the outmost layers of the skin.
c. The patient experiences minor to moderate pain.

58
Q

Partial-thickness Burns (Second Degree Burns)

A

a. Does not damage the deepest layers of the skin.
b. Blistering present
c. Fluid loss and moderate to severe pain
d. Usually heal within 2 to 3 weeks

59
Q

Full-Thickness Burns (Third Degree Burns)

A

a. Damage is done to all the layers of skin
b. Pain is absent because the nerve endings have been destroyed.
c. Patients lose large quantities of body fluids and are susceptible to shock and
infection

60
Q

Cause or Type of Burns

A

Thermal Burns
Respiratory Burn
Chemical Burns

61
Q

Thermal Burns

A

a. Caused by heat.
b. Place the burned area in clean, cold water.
c. Cover the burn with a dry, sterile dressing or burn sheet
d. Dot break blisters
e. Patients with large burns must be treated for shock and transported to the
hospital.

62
Q

Respiratory Burn

A

a. A burn to any part of the airway
b. Look for the signs and symptoms:
(1) Burns around the face and singed nose hairs
(2) Soot in the mouth and nose
(3) Difficulty breathing
(4) Pain while breathing
(5) Loss of consciousness because of fire

63
Q

Cause or Type of Burns

A

c. Breathing problems can develop rapidly or slowly
d. Administer oxygen if you are trained to use it and be prepared to perform CPR

64
Q

Chemical Burns

A

a. Many strong substances can cause chemical burns
b. The longer the chemical remains in contact with the skin, the more damage it
causes

65
Q

Chemical Burns treatment

A

Remove as much of the chemical as possible
(2) Brush away and dry chemical
a. Ensure not to further contaminate the patient or yourself when
brushing away the dry chemical
(3) Flush with water for at least 10 minutes
(4) Cover the area with a dry sterile dressing

66
Q

Chemical burns to the eyes

A

cause extreme pain and severe injury

67
Q

Chemical burns to the eyes

A

(1) Flush the eye(s) with water for at least 20 minutes
(2) Hold the eye open to allow water to flow over its entire surface
(3) Loosely cover the injured eye(s) with gauze dressings

68
Q

Cause or Type of Burns Electrical burns

A

a. Occur when an electrical current enters the body at one point, travels through
the body tissues and organs, and exits at the point of ground contact.
b. Electricity causes major internal damage
c. Patients may experience irregularities of cardiac rhythm or full cardiac arrest and
death.
d. Be certain the patient is not still in contact with the electrical power source
before you touch or treat him or her.

69
Q

Quik Clot / Combat Gauze LE

A

causes rapid localized coagulation and formation
of a stable blood clot in a variety of wounds

70
Q

quik cloth has how many shelf life

A

has a 3-year shelf life

71
Q

A variety of extensive, independent, pre-clinical testing has been done
separately at both

A

the United States Army’s Institute for Surgical research
(USAISR) and the Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC).

72
Q

Hemostatic Dressings Program: Directions for Use (Manufacturer Recommendation)

A

a. Open package and remove Combat Gauze. Be sure to keep the empty package.
b. Pack combat gauze into the wound and use it to apply pressure directly over the
bleeding source.
c. More than one Combat Gauze may be necessary.
d. Wrap and tie bandage to maintain pressure.
e. Seek medical attention immediately.
f. Show product removal directions on package to medical personnel.

73
Q

quick clot

A

2 to 3 minutes of continuous pressure is suggested.

74
Q

CELOX – Z-Fold Gauze

A

is a temporary treatment for life-threatening emergency bleeding.
For use by trained emergency responders.

75
Q

Celox Chitosan
granules

A

faster plug formation that STOPS bleeding with less treatment time.

1st responce (16 decks)

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