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1
Q

What term is defined as the generic modifiable factors that impact behavior?

Behavior change techniques

Attitudes

Determinants

Self-efficacy

A

Determinants

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2
Q

When a person is ambivalent about changing, what stage of change are they likely in?

Action

Maintenance

Precontemplation

Contemplation

A

Contemplation

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3
Q

What behavior change technique is a specific plan that drives behavior by identifying cues toward action?

Guided practice

Self-monitoring

Coping plan

Implementation intention

A

Implementation intention

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4
Q

Which communication technique allows the fitness professional to show appreciation of a client’s strengths?

Reflections

Collecting summaries

Transitional summaries

Affirmations

A

Affirmations

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5
Q

Social support is best described by which statement?

Posting on social media about the recent successes of clients

Providing counseling sessions with clients who exhibit signs of depression

The intentional things that people do to assist others to achieve a specific behavior

Rearranging a schedule to accommodate a client’s availability

A

The intentional things that people do to assist others to achieve a specific behavior

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6
Q

Which scenario best demonstrates companionship support?

Making time to talk to clients about how their exercise program is going

Coordinating group events that are centered around physical activities

Creating handouts for clients that cover topics about fitness and wellness

Taking someone shopping to purchase attire for exercise

A

Coordinating group events that are centered around physical activities

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7
Q

A Certified Personal Trainer is speaking with a client who is not currently doing any consistent aerobic training. They ask how ready the client is to do aerobic training once a week for 30 minutes, using a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 representing “not at all ready” and 10 representing “completely ready.” If the client is at a 9, what stage of change are they in?

Precontemplation

Action

Maintenance

Preparation

A

Preparation

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8
Q

Which of the following is a behavior change technique where clients list potential barriers and make plans to overcome them?

Coping responses

Implementation intentions

Self-monitoring

Resisting social pressure

A

Coping responses

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9
Q

Research has demonstrated that moderate-intensity exercise is best for which of the following?

Developing intrinsic motivation

Winning a triathlon

Reducing burnout

Providing psychological benefits

A

Providing psychological benefits

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10
Q

Intentions are a good predictor of behavior, but what has been shown to help translate intentions into behavior?

Outcome expectations

Planning

Subjective norms

Action self-efficacy

A

Planning

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11
Q

Performing a biceps curl with a dumbbell in the hand is an example of which type of lever?

Third class

First class

Second class

Fourth class

A

Third class

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12
Q

How should the amortization phase of the stretch-shortening cycle be described?

The transition between the isometric and eccentric phases

The transition between the concentric and isometric phases

The transition from eccentric loading to concentric unloading

The transition from concentric loading to eccentric unloading

A

The transition from eccentric loading to concentric unloading

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13
Q

Which subsystem is responsible for providing both frontal plane mobility and stabilization of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex?

Lateral subsystem

Anterior oblique subsystem

Deep longitudinal subsystem

Posterior oblique subsystem

A

Lateral subsystem

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14
Q

Which of the following statements would be accurate with regard to muscle force and velocity during an eccentric muscle action?

As the contraction velocity decreases, the ability to develop force increases.

As the contraction velocity increases the ability to develop force also increases.

As the contraction velocity increases, the ability to develop force decreases.

As the contraction velocity decreases, the force remains constant.

A

As the contraction velocity increases the ability to develop force also increases.

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15
Q

What type of input may provide a runner with a cue to contract the evertor muscles to avoid an inversion injury?

Stretch-shortening cycle

Force velocity

External feedback

Proprioception

A

Proprioception

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16
Q

What type of lever could be described as having a fulcrum in the middle like a seesaw?

First class

Third class

Second class

Fourth class

A

First class

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17
Q

Which of the following force couples is accurately linked to the movement created by their combined action?

Deltoid and rotator cuff functioning to create shoulder adduction

Internal and external obliques functioning to create trunk rotation

Upper trapezius and serratus anterior functioning to create downward rotation of the scapula

The gastrocnemius and soleus functioning to create ankle dorsiflexion

A

Internal and external obliques functioning to create trunk rotation

18
Q

Stored energy from an efficiently functioning stretch-shortening cycle is released during which muscle action?

Isokinetic

Concentric

Isometric

Eccentric

A

Concentric

19
Q

In what plane of movement do shoulder horizontal adduction and abduction occur?

Dorsal

Frontal

Sagittal

Transverse

A

Transverse

20
Q

Which of the following effects may occur if the amortization phase of a plyometric exercise is prolonged?

The neurological stretch reflex will be optimally activated, and the unloading phase will be less powerful.

Stored energy will dissipate, and the unloading phase will be more powerful.

The neurological stretch reflex will be optimally activated, and the unloading phase will be more powerful.

Stored energy will dissipate, and the unloading phase will be less powerful

A

Stored energy will dissipate, and the unloading phase will be less powerful

21
Q

Which of the following benefits may occur as a result of exercises that comprise only eccentric muscle actions that are appropriately loaded?

Decreased anabolic hormone stimulation

Decreased catabolic hormone stimulation

Increased anabolic hormone stimulation

Increased catabolic hormone stimulation

A

Increased anabolic hormone stimulation

22
Q

In what plane of movement do shoulder horizontal adduction and abduction occur?

Dorsal

Frontal

Transverse

Sagittal

A

Transverse

23
Q

What type of muscle action would expend the highest amount of energy at a fixed resistance level over a comparable duration?

Concentric

Isometric

Eccentric

Isotonic

A

Concentric

24
Q

How is an isokinetic muscle contraction best described?

A contraction that occurs when muscle tension is developed and movement occurs through a given range of motion at a speed that may vary

A contraction that occurs when a muscle is exerting force greater than the resistive force, resulting in a shortening of the muscle

A contraction that occurs when muscle tension is created without a change in length and no visible movement of the joint

A contraction that occurs when the speed of movement is fixed and the resistance varies with the force exerted

A

A contraction that occurs when the speed of movement is fixed and the resistance varies with the force exerted

25
Q

Which of the following muscles is primarily targeted when performing a biceps curl exercise with the thumb up?

Brachioradialis

Brachialis

Triceps brachii

Biceps brachii

A

Brachioradialis

26
Q

Which of the following effects may occur if the amortization phase of a plyometric exercise is prolonged?

The neurological stretch reflex will be optimally activated, and the unloading phase will be less powerful.

The neurological stretch reflex will be optimally activated, and the unloading phase will be more powerful.

Stored energy will dissipate, and the unloading phase will be less powerful.

Stored energy will dissipate, and the unloading phase will be more powerful.

A

Stored energy will dissipate, and the unloading phase will be less powerful.

27
Q

Which of the following statements would be accurate with regard to muscle force and velocity during a concentric contraction?

As the velocity of the muscle action increases, its ability to produce force decreases.

As the velocity of a concentric muscle action increases, its ability to produce force increases.

As velocity decreases, the force remains constant.

As the velocity of a concentric muscle action decreases, its ability to produce force decreases.

A

As the velocity of the muscle action increases, its ability to produce force decreases.

28
Q

The posterior oblique system includes which of the following muscle groups?

Thoracolumbar fascia and contralateral gluteus maximus

Adductors (inner thigh) and contralateral quadratus lumborum

Adductors (inner thigh) and hip external rotators

Hamstrings and erector spinae

A

Thoracolumbar fascia and contralateral gluteus maximus

29
Q

Pronation of the foot describes what multiplanar movements?

Eversion, dorsiflexion, and ankle adduction

Inversion, dorsiflexion, and ankle adduction

Eversion, plantar flexion, and ankle abduction

Eversion, dorsiflexion, and ankle abduction

A

Eversion, dorsiflexion, and ankle abduction

30
Q

What measurement is dependent upon the length of the lever arm and the angle between the force application and the lever arm?

Torque

Arthrokinematics

Force

Force velocity

A

Torque

31
Q

What is the most accurate description of motor control?

The ability to initiate and correct purposeful controlled movements

The motor response to internal and external environmental stimuli

The cumulative changes in motor behavior over time, throughout the life span

The integration of motor control processes through practice

A

The ability to initiate and correct purposeful controlled movements

32
Q

What type of lever could be described as having a fulcrum in the middle like a seesaw?

Fourth class

Third class

First class

Second class

A

First class

33
Q

Pronation of the foot describes what multiplanar movements?

Eversion, dorsiflexion, and ankle adduction

Inversion, dorsiflexion, and ankle adduction

Eversion, dorsiflexion, and ankle abduction

Eversion, plantar flexion, and ankle abduction

A

Eversion, dorsiflexion, and ankle abduction

34
Q

Which of the following statements would be accurate with regard to muscle force and velocity during an eccentric muscle action?

As the contraction velocity increases the ability to develop force also increases.

As the contraction velocity decreases, the ability to develop force increases.

As the contraction velocity increases, the ability to develop force decreases.

As the contraction velocity decreases, the force remains constant.

A

As the contraction velocity increases the ability to develop force also increases.

35
Q

Which of the following effects may occur if the amortization phase of a plyometric exercise is prolonged?

Stored energy will dissipate, and the unloading phase will be more powerful.

The neurological stretch reflex will be optimally activated, and the unloading phase will be less powerful.

Stored energy will dissipate, and the unloading phase will be less powerful.

The neurological stretch reflex will be optimally activated, and the unloading phase will be more powerful.

A

Stored energy will dissipate, and the unloading phase will be less powerful.

36
Q

Which of the following statements would be accurate with regard to muscle force and velocity during a concentric contraction?

As the velocity of a concentric muscle action decreases, its ability to produce force decreases.

As the velocity of a concentric muscle action increases, its ability to produce force increases.

As the velocity of the muscle action increases, its ability to produce force decreases.

As velocity decreases, the force remains constant.

A

As the velocity of the muscle action increases, its ability to produce force decreases.

37
Q

The anterior oblique subsystem includes which of the following muscle groups?

Adductor (inner) thigh muscles, obliques, and hip external rotators

Adductors (inner thigh) and contralateral quadratus lumborum

Hamstrings and erector spinae

Thoracolumbar fascia and contralateral gluteus maximus

A

Adductor (inner) thigh muscles, obliques, and hip external rotators

38
Q

Which muscle functions in a feed-forward mechanism in anticipation of limb movements?

Gluteus maximus

Rectus abdominis

Multifidus

Erector spinae

A

Multifidus

39
Q

Which subsystem is responsible for providing both frontal plane mobility and stabilization of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex?

Lateral subsystem

Posterior oblique subsystem

Deep longitudinal subsystem

Anterior oblique subsystem

A

Lateral subsystem

40
Q

Which type of exercise accommodates effort whereby the harder the individual pushes or pulls, the more resistance they feel, despite the movement speed remaining constant?

Isometric

Isokinetic

Concentric

Eccentric

A

Isokinetic

41
Q

What type of muscle action would expend the highest amount of energy at a fixed resistance level over a comparable duration?

Concentric

Isotonic

Eccentric

Isometric

A

Concentric

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