study questions Flashcards
What term is defined as the generic modifiable factors that impact behavior?
Behavior change techniques
Attitudes
Determinants
Self-efficacy
Determinants
When a person is ambivalent about changing, what stage of change are they likely in?
Action
Maintenance
Precontemplation
Contemplation
Contemplation
What behavior change technique is a specific plan that drives behavior by identifying cues toward action?
Guided practice
Self-monitoring
Coping plan
Implementation intention
Implementation intention
Which communication technique allows the fitness professional to show appreciation of a client’s strengths?
Reflections
Collecting summaries
Transitional summaries
Affirmations
Affirmations
Social support is best described by which statement?
Posting on social media about the recent successes of clients
Providing counseling sessions with clients who exhibit signs of depression
The intentional things that people do to assist others to achieve a specific behavior
Rearranging a schedule to accommodate a client’s availability
The intentional things that people do to assist others to achieve a specific behavior
Which scenario best demonstrates companionship support?
Making time to talk to clients about how their exercise program is going
Coordinating group events that are centered around physical activities
Creating handouts for clients that cover topics about fitness and wellness
Taking someone shopping to purchase attire for exercise
Coordinating group events that are centered around physical activities
A Certified Personal Trainer is speaking with a client who is not currently doing any consistent aerobic training. They ask how ready the client is to do aerobic training once a week for 30 minutes, using a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 representing “not at all ready” and 10 representing “completely ready.” If the client is at a 9, what stage of change are they in?
Precontemplation
Action
Maintenance
Preparation
Preparation
Which of the following is a behavior change technique where clients list potential barriers and make plans to overcome them?
Coping responses
Implementation intentions
Self-monitoring
Resisting social pressure
Coping responses
Research has demonstrated that moderate-intensity exercise is best for which of the following?
Developing intrinsic motivation
Winning a triathlon
Reducing burnout
Providing psychological benefits
Providing psychological benefits
Intentions are a good predictor of behavior, but what has been shown to help translate intentions into behavior?
Outcome expectations
Planning
Subjective norms
Action self-efficacy
Planning
Performing a biceps curl with a dumbbell in the hand is an example of which type of lever?
Third class
First class
Second class
Fourth class
Third class
How should the amortization phase of the stretch-shortening cycle be described?
The transition between the isometric and eccentric phases
The transition between the concentric and isometric phases
The transition from eccentric loading to concentric unloading
The transition from concentric loading to eccentric unloading
The transition from eccentric loading to concentric unloading
Which subsystem is responsible for providing both frontal plane mobility and stabilization of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex?
Lateral subsystem
Anterior oblique subsystem
Deep longitudinal subsystem
Posterior oblique subsystem
Lateral subsystem
Which of the following statements would be accurate with regard to muscle force and velocity during an eccentric muscle action?
As the contraction velocity decreases, the ability to develop force increases.
As the contraction velocity increases the ability to develop force also increases.
As the contraction velocity increases, the ability to develop force decreases.
As the contraction velocity decreases, the force remains constant.
As the contraction velocity increases the ability to develop force also increases.
What type of input may provide a runner with a cue to contract the evertor muscles to avoid an inversion injury?
Stretch-shortening cycle
Force velocity
External feedback
Proprioception
Proprioception
What type of lever could be described as having a fulcrum in the middle like a seesaw?
First class
Third class
Second class
Fourth class
First class
Which of the following force couples is accurately linked to the movement created by their combined action?
Deltoid and rotator cuff functioning to create shoulder adduction
Internal and external obliques functioning to create trunk rotation
Upper trapezius and serratus anterior functioning to create downward rotation of the scapula
The gastrocnemius and soleus functioning to create ankle dorsiflexion
Internal and external obliques functioning to create trunk rotation
Stored energy from an efficiently functioning stretch-shortening cycle is released during which muscle action?
Isokinetic
Concentric
Isometric
Eccentric
Concentric
In what plane of movement do shoulder horizontal adduction and abduction occur?
Dorsal
Frontal
Sagittal
Transverse
Transverse
Which of the following effects may occur if the amortization phase of a plyometric exercise is prolonged?
The neurological stretch reflex will be optimally activated, and the unloading phase will be less powerful.
Stored energy will dissipate, and the unloading phase will be more powerful.
The neurological stretch reflex will be optimally activated, and the unloading phase will be more powerful.
Stored energy will dissipate, and the unloading phase will be less powerful
Stored energy will dissipate, and the unloading phase will be less powerful
Which of the following benefits may occur as a result of exercises that comprise only eccentric muscle actions that are appropriately loaded?
Decreased anabolic hormone stimulation
Decreased catabolic hormone stimulation
Increased anabolic hormone stimulation
Increased catabolic hormone stimulation
Increased anabolic hormone stimulation
In what plane of movement do shoulder horizontal adduction and abduction occur?
Dorsal
Frontal
Transverse
Sagittal
Transverse
What type of muscle action would expend the highest amount of energy at a fixed resistance level over a comparable duration?
Concentric
Isometric
Eccentric
Isotonic
Concentric
How is an isokinetic muscle contraction best described?
A contraction that occurs when muscle tension is developed and movement occurs through a given range of motion at a speed that may vary
A contraction that occurs when a muscle is exerting force greater than the resistive force, resulting in a shortening of the muscle
A contraction that occurs when muscle tension is created without a change in length and no visible movement of the joint
A contraction that occurs when the speed of movement is fixed and the resistance varies with the force exerted
A contraction that occurs when the speed of movement is fixed and the resistance varies with the force exerted
Which of the following muscles is primarily targeted when performing a biceps curl exercise with the thumb up?
Brachioradialis
Brachialis
Triceps brachii
Biceps brachii
Brachioradialis
Which of the following effects may occur if the amortization phase of a plyometric exercise is prolonged?
The neurological stretch reflex will be optimally activated, and the unloading phase will be less powerful.
The neurological stretch reflex will be optimally activated, and the unloading phase will be more powerful.
Stored energy will dissipate, and the unloading phase will be less powerful.
Stored energy will dissipate, and the unloading phase will be more powerful.
Stored energy will dissipate, and the unloading phase will be less powerful.
Which of the following statements would be accurate with regard to muscle force and velocity during a concentric contraction?
As the velocity of the muscle action increases, its ability to produce force decreases.
As the velocity of a concentric muscle action increases, its ability to produce force increases.
As velocity decreases, the force remains constant.
As the velocity of a concentric muscle action decreases, its ability to produce force decreases.
As the velocity of the muscle action increases, its ability to produce force decreases.
The posterior oblique system includes which of the following muscle groups?
Thoracolumbar fascia and contralateral gluteus maximus
Adductors (inner thigh) and contralateral quadratus lumborum
Adductors (inner thigh) and hip external rotators
Hamstrings and erector spinae
Thoracolumbar fascia and contralateral gluteus maximus
Pronation of the foot describes what multiplanar movements?
Eversion, dorsiflexion, and ankle adduction
Inversion, dorsiflexion, and ankle adduction
Eversion, plantar flexion, and ankle abduction
Eversion, dorsiflexion, and ankle abduction
Eversion, dorsiflexion, and ankle abduction
What measurement is dependent upon the length of the lever arm and the angle between the force application and the lever arm?
Torque
Arthrokinematics
Force
Force velocity
Torque
What is the most accurate description of motor control?
The ability to initiate and correct purposeful controlled movements
The motor response to internal and external environmental stimuli
The cumulative changes in motor behavior over time, throughout the life span
The integration of motor control processes through practice
The ability to initiate and correct purposeful controlled movements
What type of lever could be described as having a fulcrum in the middle like a seesaw?
Fourth class
Third class
First class
Second class
First class
Pronation of the foot describes what multiplanar movements?
Eversion, dorsiflexion, and ankle adduction
Inversion, dorsiflexion, and ankle adduction
Eversion, dorsiflexion, and ankle abduction
Eversion, plantar flexion, and ankle abduction
Eversion, dorsiflexion, and ankle abduction
Which of the following statements would be accurate with regard to muscle force and velocity during an eccentric muscle action?
As the contraction velocity increases the ability to develop force also increases.
As the contraction velocity decreases, the ability to develop force increases.
As the contraction velocity increases, the ability to develop force decreases.
As the contraction velocity decreases, the force remains constant.
As the contraction velocity increases the ability to develop force also increases.
Which of the following effects may occur if the amortization phase of a plyometric exercise is prolonged?
Stored energy will dissipate, and the unloading phase will be more powerful.
The neurological stretch reflex will be optimally activated, and the unloading phase will be less powerful.
Stored energy will dissipate, and the unloading phase will be less powerful.
The neurological stretch reflex will be optimally activated, and the unloading phase will be more powerful.
Stored energy will dissipate, and the unloading phase will be less powerful.
Which of the following statements would be accurate with regard to muscle force and velocity during a concentric contraction?
As the velocity of a concentric muscle action decreases, its ability to produce force decreases.
As the velocity of a concentric muscle action increases, its ability to produce force increases.
As the velocity of the muscle action increases, its ability to produce force decreases.
As velocity decreases, the force remains constant.
As the velocity of the muscle action increases, its ability to produce force decreases.
The anterior oblique subsystem includes which of the following muscle groups?
Adductor (inner) thigh muscles, obliques, and hip external rotators
Adductors (inner thigh) and contralateral quadratus lumborum
Hamstrings and erector spinae
Thoracolumbar fascia and contralateral gluteus maximus
Adductor (inner) thigh muscles, obliques, and hip external rotators
Which muscle functions in a feed-forward mechanism in anticipation of limb movements?
Gluteus maximus
Rectus abdominis
Multifidus
Erector spinae
Multifidus
Which subsystem is responsible for providing both frontal plane mobility and stabilization of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex?
Lateral subsystem
Posterior oblique subsystem
Deep longitudinal subsystem
Anterior oblique subsystem
Lateral subsystem
Which type of exercise accommodates effort whereby the harder the individual pushes or pulls, the more resistance they feel, despite the movement speed remaining constant?
Isometric
Isokinetic
Concentric
Eccentric
Isokinetic
What type of muscle action would expend the highest amount of energy at a fixed resistance level over a comparable duration?
Concentric
Isotonic
Eccentric
Isometric
Concentric
