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Question 1

Which movements are the latissimus dorsi responsible for concentrically accelerating

Answer 1

Shoulder extension, adduction, and internal rotation

Question 2

What are the muscles of the global stabilization system primarily responsible for?
a. Enhancing pelvic floor function and diaphragmatic breathing
b.
Concentric force production of the thoracic and cervical spine

c. Transferring loads between the upper and lower extremities
d. Intravertebral stability from vertebra to vertebra

Answer 2

Transferring loads between the upper and lower extremities

Question 3

Which of the following is an effect of dehydration

a. Decreased use of muscle glycogen
b. Decreased core temperature
c. Increased heart rate
d. Increased sodium excretion

Answer 3

Increased heart rate

Question 4

What term describes the number of heart beats per minute and the amount of blood pumped per beat?

a. Stroke volume
b. Blood pressure
c. Cardiac output
d. Heart rate

Answer 4

Cardiac output

Question 5

Which of the following refers to a straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases?

a. Extension
b. Inversion
c. Flexion
d. Adduction

Answer 5

Extension

Question 6

Dysfunctional breathing results in an increase in the activity level of which of the following secondary respiratory muscles?
Select one:
a. Rectus abdominis
b. Scalenes
c. Diaphragm 
d. Internal oblique

Answer 6

Scalenes

Question 7

What may be the best measure of cardiorespiratory fitness?
Select one:
a. Maximal lung capacity
b. Stroke volume  
c. End-diastolic volume
d. Maximal oxygen consumption

Answer 7

Maximal oxygen consumption

Question 8

What is the body's motor response to internal and external environmental stimuli called?
Select one:
a. Force-couple
b. Motor behavior
c. Homeostasis 
d. Arthrokinematics

Answer 8

Motor behavior

Question 9

Autogenic inhibition

Answer 9

A protective mechanism of the Golgi tendon organ, whereby a sudden stretch in a muscle causes a reflexive activation of the antagonist muscle and relaxation of the agonist.

Question 10

Reciprocal inhibition

Answer 10

Describes the neurologic process of muscles on one side of a joint relaxing to accommodate contraction on the other side of that joint. Joints are controlled by two opposing sets of muscles, extensors and flexors, which must work in synchrony for smooth movement

Question 11

Where should the highest percentage of caloric intake come from when trying to increase lean body mass?
Select one:
a. Proteins  
b. Lipids
c. Carbohydrates
d. Liquids

Answer 11

Carbohydrates

Question 12

When an exercise is high intensity and lasts about 10 seconds, which of the following energy pathways is predominantly in use?
Select one:
a. ATP-PC
b. Aerobic
c. Oxidative
d. Glycolysis

Answer 12

ATP-PC

Question 13

Contracting the glutes while performing a static standing TFL stretch will cause which of the following effects?
Select one:
a. Synergistic dominance of the TFL 
b. Autogenic inhibition of the TFL
c. Reciprocal inhibition of the TFL
d. Relative flexibility of the TFL

Answer 13

Reciprocal inhibition of the TFL

Question 14

In which of the following structures are water and chemicals exchanged between the blood and tissues?
Select one:
a. Venules
b. Atrioventricular node
c. Capillaries
d. Sinoatrial node

Answer 14

Capillaries

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of muscle spindles?
Select one:
a. They are sensitive to change in length of muscle and the rate of that change.
b. They provide the ability to sense the relative position of adjacent parts of the body.
c. They transmit nerve impulses from one neuron to another.
d. They are slow twitch, “red” muscle fibers with a high degree of mitochondria.

Answer 15

They are sensitive to change in length of muscle and the rate of that change.

Question 16

What are the 3 main parts of a neuron?

Answer 16

Cell body,axon, dendrites

Question 17

Transmits nerve impulses from receptors in tissues to the CNS

Answer 17

sensory neurons

Question 18

Transmits nerve impulses from the CNS to effector sites in muscles or organs

Answer 18

Moter neurons

Question 19

Primary connective tissue that connects bones together and provides stability and input to the nervous system

Answer 19

Ligaments

Question 20

What are 6 types of joints related to movement?

Answer 20

Gliding, condyloid, hinge, saddle, pivot, and ball-and-socket

Question 21

what are the 7 characteristics of type 1 muscle fibers?

Answer 21

More capillaries; increased oxygen delivery; smaller in size; less force production; slow to fatigue; long term contractions such as stabilization; slow twitch

Question 22

what are the 7 characteristics of type 2 muscle fibers?

Answer 22

Fewer capillaries; decreased oxygen delivery; larger in size; more force produced; quick to fatigue; short term contractions; fast twitch

Question 23

” Which 5 muscles comprise the local stabilization system of the core?

Answer 23

“Transverse abdominus; internal oblique; lumbar multifidus; pelvic floor muscles; diaphragm

Question 24

what are 3 types of muscle?

Answer 24

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

Question 25

The outermost layer of muscle tissue

Answer 25

Fascia

Question 26

The second layer of muscle tissue, aka "deep fascia"

Answer 26

Epimysium

Question 27

The middle layers of muscle made up of bundles of muscle fibers

Answer 27

Fascicles

Question 28

The connective tissue that surrounds fascicles

Answer 28

Perimysium

Question 29

Connective tissue between muscle fibers

Answer 29

Endomysium

Question 30

Plasma membrane surrounding individual muscle fibers

Answer 30

Sarcolemma

Question 31

Substance in the muscle fiber that contains glycogen, fats, minerals, myoglobin, nuclei and mitochondria

Answer 31

Sarcoplasm

Question 32

Contains thin actin and thick myosin filaments that make up muscle fibers

Answer 32

Myofibrils

Question 33

The communication between the nervous and muscular system

Answer 33

Neural activation

Question 34

``` Which of the following is a catabolic hormone secreted by the adrenal glands and serves to maintain energy supply through the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and protein? Select one: a. Insulin b. Testosterone c. Norepinephrine d. Cortisol ```

Answer 34

Cortisol

Question 35

``` Around which axis does frontal plane motion occur? Select one: a. Anterior-posterior b. Longitudinal c. Horizontal d. Mediolateral ```

Answer 35

Anterior-posterior

Question 36

Large doses of beta-carotene intake can cause an increased risk for which of the following? Select one: a. Lung cancer in smokers b. Hip fractures in older women c. Alzheimer’s disease in the elderly d. Birth defects if taken early in pregnancy

Answer 36

Lung cancer in smokers

Question 37

Which of the following best describes a function of lipids in the body? Select one: a. A catalyst for high-intensity, short-duration exercise b. A source of nitrogen for building nonessential amino acids c. A precursor to hormone production d. A source of bulk to the diet to aid digestion

Answer 37

A precursor to hormone production

Question 38

``` What term refers to the movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from a lateral position to an anterior position when the joint is in an anteriorly flexed position? Select one: a. Horizontal abduction b. Eversion c. Circumduction d. Horizontal adduction ```

Answer 38

Horizontal adduction

Question 39

``` Deoxygenated blood is pumped from the right ventricle to the lungs through which of the following vessels? Select one: a. Aortic arch b. Pulmonary veins c. Aortic valve d. Pulmonary arteries ```

Answer 39

Pulmonary arteries

Question 40

``` Adduction is a movement back toward the midline of the body in which of the following planes? Select one: a. Transverse plane b. Frontal plane c. Sagittal plane d. Median plane ```

Answer 40

Frontal plane

Question 41

``` What is the gastrocnemius responsible for eccentrically decelerating? Select one: a. Dorsiflexion b. Plantarflexion c. Hip extension d. Hip flexion ```

Answer 41

Dorsiflexion

Question 42

``` How does metabolism behave during EPOC? Select one: a. Increases b. Remains unaffected c. Fluctuates d. Remains elevated ```

Answer 42

Remains elevated

Question 43

``` Which of the following glands releases growth hormone during childhood up until puberty? Select one: a. Thyroid gland b. Adrenal gland c. Pituitary gland d. Holocrine gland ```

Answer 43

Pituitary gland

Question 44

What usually happens after 90 minutes of exercise? Select one: a. The oxidation of proteins predominates as the primary energy source. b. The amount of stored adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the body increases. c. The majority of muscle glycogen stores are depleted. d. The amount of available fuel for exercise from fats is exhausted.

Answer 44

The majority of muscle glycogen stores are depleted.

Question 45

``` As the velocity of a muscular contraction increases, the ability to produce force increases for which part of the muscle action spectrum? Select one: a. Isometric b. Eccentric c. Isokinetic d. Concentric ```

Answer 45

Eccentric

Question 46

``` What is a unit of expression of energy equal to 1,000 calories? Select one: a. Kilocalorie b. Decacalorie c. Microcalorie d. Megacalorie ```

Answer 46

Kilocalorie

Question 47

``` Which mechanoreceptor helps prevent muscles from stretching too far or too fast? Select one: a. Golgi tendon organ b. Muscle spindle c. Intercalated disc d. Ruffini endings ```

Answer 47

Muscle spindle

Question 48

Which of the following is the system activated at the onset of any activity, regardless of intensity? Select one: a. EPOC b. ATP-PC c. Oxidative d. Glycolysis

Answer 48

b. ATP-PC