1 Flashcards
Which movements are the latissimus dorsi responsible for concentrically accelerating
Shoulder extension, adduction, and internal rotation
What are the muscles of the global stabilization system primarily responsible for?
a. Enhancing pelvic floor function and diaphragmatic breathing
b.
Concentric force production of the thoracic and cervical spine
c. Transferring loads between the upper and lower extremities
d. Intravertebral stability from vertebra to vertebra
Transferring loads between the upper and lower extremities
Which of the following is an effect of dehydration
a. Decreased use of muscle glycogen
b. Decreased core temperature
c. Increased heart rate
d. Increased sodium excretion
Increased heart rate
What term describes the number of heart beats per minute and the amount of blood pumped per beat?
a. Stroke volume
b. Blood pressure
c. Cardiac output
d. Heart rate
Cardiac output
Which of the following refers to a straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases?
a. Extension
b. Inversion
c. Flexion
d. Adduction
Extension
Dysfunctional breathing results in an increase in the activity level of which of the following secondary respiratory muscles? Select one: a. Rectus abdominis b. Scalenes c. Diaphragm d. Internal oblique
Scalenes
What may be the best measure of cardiorespiratory fitness? Select one: a. Maximal lung capacity b. Stroke volume c. End-diastolic volume d. Maximal oxygen consumption
Maximal oxygen consumption
What is the body's motor response to internal and external environmental stimuli called? Select one: a. Force-couple b. Motor behavior c. Homeostasis d. Arthrokinematics
Motor behavior
Autogenic inhibition
A protective mechanism of the Golgi tendon organ, whereby a sudden stretch in a muscle causes a reflexive activation of the antagonist muscle and relaxation of the agonist.
Reciprocal inhibition
Describes the neurologic process of muscles on one side of a joint relaxing to accommodate contraction on the other side of that joint. Joints are controlled by two opposing sets of muscles, extensors and flexors, which must work in synchrony for smooth movement
Where should the highest percentage of caloric intake come from when trying to increase lean body mass? Select one: a. Proteins b. Lipids c. Carbohydrates d. Liquids
Carbohydrates
When an exercise is high intensity and lasts about 10 seconds, which of the following energy pathways is predominantly in use? Select one: a. ATP-PC b. Aerobic c. Oxidative d. Glycolysis
ATP-PC
Contracting the glutes while performing a static standing TFL stretch will cause which of the following effects? Select one: a. Synergistic dominance of the TFL b. Autogenic inhibition of the TFL c. Reciprocal inhibition of the TFL d. Relative flexibility of the TFL
Reciprocal inhibition of the TFL
In which of the following structures are water and chemicals exchanged between the blood and tissues? Select one: a. Venules b. Atrioventricular node c. Capillaries d. Sinoatrial node
Capillaries
Which of the following is a characteristic of muscle spindles?
Select one:
a. They are sensitive to change in length of muscle and the rate of that change.
b. They provide the ability to sense the relative position of adjacent parts of the body.
c. They transmit nerve impulses from one neuron to another.
d. They are slow twitch, “red” muscle fibers with a high degree of mitochondria.
They are sensitive to change in length of muscle and the rate of that change.
What are the 3 main parts of a neuron?
Cell body,axon, dendrites
Transmits nerve impulses from receptors in tissues to the CNS
sensory neurons
Transmits nerve impulses from the CNS to effector sites in muscles or organs
Moter neurons
Primary connective tissue that connects bones together and provides stability and input to the nervous system
Ligaments
What are 6 types of joints related to movement?
Gliding, condyloid, hinge, saddle, pivot, and ball-and-socket
what are the 7 characteristics of type 1 muscle fibers?
More capillaries; increased oxygen delivery; smaller in size; less force production; slow to fatigue; long term contractions such as stabilization; slow twitch
what are the 7 characteristics of type 2 muscle fibers?
Fewer capillaries; decreased oxygen delivery; larger in size; more force produced; quick to fatigue; short term contractions; fast twitch
” Which 5 muscles comprise the local stabilization system of the core?
“Transverse abdominus; internal oblique; lumbar multifidus; pelvic floor muscles; diaphragm
what are 3 types of muscle?
Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
The outermost layer of muscle tissue
Fascia
The second layer of muscle tissue, aka “deep fascia”
Epimysium
The middle layers of muscle made up of bundles of muscle fibers
Fascicles
The connective tissue that surrounds fascicles
Perimysium
Connective tissue between muscle fibers
Endomysium
Plasma membrane surrounding individual muscle fibers
Sarcolemma
Substance in the muscle fiber that contains glycogen, fats, minerals, myoglobin, nuclei and mitochondria
Sarcoplasm
Contains thin actin and thick myosin filaments that make up muscle fibers
Myofibrils
The communication between the nervous and muscular system
Neural activation
Which of the following is a catabolic hormone secreted by the adrenal glands and serves to maintain energy supply through the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and protein? Select one: a. Insulin b. Testosterone c. Norepinephrine d. Cortisol
Cortisol
Around which axis does frontal plane motion occur? Select one: a. Anterior-posterior b. Longitudinal c. Horizontal d. Mediolateral
Anterior-posterior
Large doses of beta-carotene intake can cause an increased risk for which of the following?
Select one:
a. Lung cancer in smokers
b. Hip fractures in older women
c. Alzheimer’s disease in the elderly
d. Birth defects if taken early in pregnancy
Lung cancer in smokers
Which of the following best describes a function of lipids in the body?
Select one:
a. A catalyst for high-intensity, short-duration exercise
b. A source of nitrogen for building nonessential amino acids
c. A precursor to hormone production
d. A source of bulk to the diet to aid digestion
A precursor to hormone production
What term refers to the movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from a lateral position to an anterior position when the joint is in an anteriorly flexed position? Select one: a. Horizontal abduction b. Eversion c. Circumduction d. Horizontal adduction
Horizontal adduction
Deoxygenated blood is pumped from the right ventricle to the lungs through which of the following vessels? Select one: a. Aortic arch b. Pulmonary veins c. Aortic valve d. Pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary arteries
Adduction is a movement back toward the midline of the body in which of the following planes? Select one: a. Transverse plane b. Frontal plane c. Sagittal plane d. Median plane
Frontal plane
What is the gastrocnemius responsible for eccentrically decelerating? Select one: a. Dorsiflexion b. Plantarflexion c. Hip extension d. Hip flexion
Dorsiflexion
How does metabolism behave during EPOC? Select one: a. Increases b. Remains unaffected c. Fluctuates d. Remains elevated
Remains elevated
Which of the following glands releases growth hormone during childhood up until puberty? Select one: a. Thyroid gland b. Adrenal gland c. Pituitary gland d. Holocrine gland
Pituitary gland
What usually happens after 90 minutes of exercise?
Select one:
a. The oxidation of proteins predominates as the primary energy source.
b. The amount of stored adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the body increases.
c. The majority of muscle glycogen stores are depleted.
d. The amount of available fuel for exercise from fats is exhausted.
The majority of muscle glycogen stores are depleted.
As the velocity of a muscular contraction increases, the ability to produce force increases for which part of the muscle action spectrum? Select one: a. Isometric b. Eccentric c. Isokinetic d. Concentric
Eccentric
What is a unit of expression of energy equal to 1,000 calories? Select one: a. Kilocalorie b. Decacalorie c. Microcalorie d. Megacalorie
Kilocalorie
Which mechanoreceptor helps prevent muscles from stretching too far or too fast? Select one: a. Golgi tendon organ b. Muscle spindle c. Intercalated disc d. Ruffini endings
Muscle spindle
Which of the following is the system activated at the onset of any activity, regardless of intensity?
Select one:
a. EPOC
b. ATP-PC
c. Oxidative
d. Glycolysis
b. ATP-PC
