study guide page 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Acute responses usually happen within _______

A

seconds to minutes

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2
Q

Release of a neurotransmitter requires ______ and _______

A

calcium influx

membrane depolarization.

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3
Q

Each ______ in a myofibril shortens during muscle contraction.

A

sarcomere

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4
Q

the ______ Nervous System is divided in Sympathetic, Parasympathetic and Enteric Nervous System

A

Autonomic

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5
Q

_____ is the “destructive” process of metabolism.

A

Catabolism

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6
Q

The membrane potential is less than -65 mV when the membrane is ________

A

hyperpolarized.

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7
Q

______ acts as a buffer in the rumen.

A

Saliva

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8
Q

_____ is much faster than conduction

A

Convection

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9
Q

Maintaining the internal environment relatively constant despite changes in the external environment is an example of _____

A

Regulation.

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10
Q

In the ruminant stomach, the ______ is the glandular stomach

A

Abomasum

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11
Q

______ is the transfer of heat between neighboring molecules due to a temperature gradient.

A

Conduction

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12
Q

The balance of “competing forces” across the membrane of a cell is referred to as ____________.

A

Equilibrium

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13
Q

Snakes are often referred to as “cold-blooded” organisms, meaning that their internal temperature increases and decreases with the external temperature. This type of response to external environment is called ________.

A

Conformity

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14
Q

When the membrane potential is made to be less than -65 mV, the membrane is said to be ____polarized, whereas if it is greater than -65 mV, it is said to be ____polarized.

A

hyperpolarized, depolarized

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15
Q

2 main types of endothelial acinar cells are mucous and ______

A

serous.

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16
Q

Ions are ______ and cannot pass directly through the lipid bilayer.

A

hydrophilic

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17
Q

Thermal equilibrium occurs when both objects are at the ____ temperature and there is no _____ of heat.

A

same

net movement

18
Q

Animal physiology is the study of animal ____

A

function.

19
Q

One water-soluble vitamin is ______

A

VITAMIN B or C.

20
Q

_____ is the only method of heat transfer that cannot help an organism gain heat.

A

EVAPORATION

21
Q

Motor neurons deliver signals from the _____ nervous system to the _____ nervous system.

A

CENTRAL

PERIPHERAL

22
Q

______ organs of the digestive tract include the salivary glands, pancreas, and liver/gall bladder.

A

Accessory

23
Q

The building blocks of protein are ______

A

amino acids.

24
Q

____ thermoregulate by physiological means.

A

Homeotherms

25
Q

Enzymes are specialized proteins that can _______ the speed of a reaction.

A

accelerate

26
Q

_______ determines the metabolic rate and therefore how much food is required.

A

Environmental temperature

27
Q

____ is a grouping of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system.

A

Ganglion

28
Q

The dietary end products of protein are _______

A

Amino Acids

29
Q

Efferent neurons are _______, which conduct signals ______ from the central nervous system.

A

motor neurons,

away

30
Q

The _______ regulates passage to GI tract or lungs (not in birds).

A

epiglottis

31
Q

Volatile fatty acids are absorbed in the _____

A

rumen.

32
Q

In muscle fiber, _____ fibers generate action potentials.

A

twitch

33
Q

Saliva secretion is controlled entirely by the __________, which stimulates its release.

A

Autonomic Nervous System

34
Q

_______ contain the hydrolytic enzymes which digest macromolecules.

A

Lysosomes

35
Q

_______ have a body temperature which is dependent on the temperature of their environment.

A

Ectotherms

36
Q

The first phase in the regulation of gastric acid secretion in the stomach is the ______ phase.

A

Cephalic

37
Q

______ is heat transfer involving physical contact between (solid) objects.

A

Conduction

38
Q

The Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems are both part of the _______

A

Peripheral Nervous System.

39
Q

_______ is the connective tissue around the whole muscle.

A

Epimysium

40
Q

The _______ nervous system is mainly involved in gut motility.

A

enteric