study guide page 5

Question 1

Acute responses usually happen within _______

Answer 1

seconds to minutes

Question 2

Release of a neurotransmitter requires ______ and _______

Answer 2

calcium influx

membrane depolarization.

Question 3

Each ______ in a myofibril shortens during muscle contraction.

Answer 3

sarcomere

Question 4

the ______ Nervous System is divided in Sympathetic, Parasympathetic and Enteric Nervous System

Answer 4

Autonomic

Question 5

_____ is the “destructive” process of metabolism.

Answer 5

Catabolism

Question 6

The membrane potential is less than -65 mV when the membrane is ________

Answer 6

hyperpolarized.

Question 7

______ acts as a buffer in the rumen.

Answer 7

Saliva

Question 8

_____ is much faster than conduction

Answer 8

Convection

Question 9

Maintaining the internal environment relatively constant despite changes in the external environment is an example of _____

Answer 9

Regulation.

Question 10

In the ruminant stomach, the ______ is the glandular stomach

Answer 10

Abomasum

Question 11

______ is the transfer of heat between neighboring molecules due to a temperature gradient.

Answer 11

Conduction

Question 12

The balance of “competing forces” across the membrane of a cell is referred to as ____________.

Answer 12

Equilibrium

Question 13

Snakes are often referred to as “cold-blooded” organisms, meaning that their internal temperature increases and decreases with the external temperature. This type of response to external environment is called ________.

Answer 13

Conformity

Question 14

When the membrane potential is made to be less than -65 mV, the membrane is said to be ____polarized, whereas if it is greater than -65 mV, it is said to be ____polarized.

Answer 14

hyperpolarized, depolarized

Question 15

2 main types of endothelial acinar cells are mucous and ______

Answer 15

serous.

Question 16

Ions are ______ and cannot pass directly through the lipid bilayer.

Answer 16

hydrophilic

Question 17

Thermal equilibrium occurs when both objects are at the ____ temperature and there is no _____ of heat.

Answer 17

same

net movement

Question 18

Animal physiology is the study of animal ____

Answer 18

function.

Question 19

One water-soluble vitamin is ______

Answer 19

VITAMIN B or C.

Question 20

_____ is the only method of heat transfer that cannot help an organism gain heat.

Answer 20

EVAPORATION

Question 21

Motor neurons deliver signals from the _____ nervous system to the _____ nervous system.

Answer 21

CENTRAL

PERIPHERAL

Question 22

______ organs of the digestive tract include the salivary glands, pancreas, and liver/gall bladder.

Answer 22

Accessory

Question 23

The building blocks of protein are ______

Answer 23

amino acids.

Question 24

____ thermoregulate by physiological means.

Answer 24

Homeotherms

Question 25

Enzymes are specialized proteins that can _______ the speed of a reaction.

Answer 25

accelerate

Question 26

_______ determines the metabolic rate and therefore how much food is required.

Answer 26

Environmental temperature

Question 27

____ is a grouping of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system.

Answer 27

Ganglion

Question 28

The dietary end products of protein are _______

Answer 28

Amino Acids

Question 29

Efferent neurons are _______, which conduct signals ______ from the central nervous system.

Answer 29

motor neurons, | away

Question 30

The _______ regulates passage to GI tract or lungs (not in birds).

Answer 30

epiglottis

Question 31

Volatile fatty acids are absorbed in the _____

Answer 31

rumen.

Question 32

In muscle fiber, _____ fibers generate action potentials.

Answer 32

twitch

Question 33

Saliva secretion is controlled entirely by the __________, which stimulates its release.

Answer 33

Autonomic Nervous System

Question 34

_______ contain the hydrolytic enzymes which digest macromolecules.

Answer 34

Lysosomes

Question 35

_______ have a body temperature which is dependent on the temperature of their environment.

Answer 35

Ectotherms

Question 36

The first phase in the regulation of gastric acid secretion in the stomach is the ______ phase.

Answer 36

Cephalic

Question 37

______ is heat transfer involving physical contact between (solid) objects.

Answer 37

Conduction

Question 38

The Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems are both part of the _______

Answer 38

Peripheral Nervous System.

Question 39

_______ is the connective tissue around the whole muscle.

Answer 39

Epimysium

Question 40

The _______ nervous system is mainly involved in gut motility.

Answer 40

enteric