study guide page 3 Flashcards
_______ is the growth by cells increasing in size and hyperplasia is the growth by increasing the number of cells.
Hypertrophy
A bundle of neuron ____ in the peripheral nervous system is called nerve and a grouping of nerve ____ in the peripheral nervous system is called ganglion.
axons
cell bodies
The trachea is made of ____ and ____ cells.
mucous
ciliated
Lidocaine is ______ which blocks voltage-gated sodium ion channels.
Local Anesthetic
Poikilotherms are also known as ______
Ectotherms.
______ is the method of heat transfer used when an elephant fans hot day.
its ears on a hot day
Thermal Radiation
The _____ in the horse is where majority of microbial digestion occurs
cecum
The two water-soluble vitamins are _____
B & C
_______ active transport relies on a gradient and does not use ATP directly.
Secondary
The plasma membrane of a cell is primarily composed of a ______
phospholipid bilayer.
______ is the sum all of chemical reactions happening in an animal
Metabolism
The ______ the concentration gradient the faster the speed of diffusion.
bigger
______ is made up of the chemical, mechanical, and enzymatic processes that convert feed ingredients into particles that can be absorbed.
Digestion
______ is the movement of heat due to air or water currents.
Convection
________ is an enzyme that is not present in the saliva of carnivores.
Salivary amylase
The proventriculus in avian digestive tract is similar to the _______ in non-ruminant mammalian digestive tract.
stomach
The small intestine has structures called ______, which increase the surface area for nutrient absorption.
villi
During digestion, small intestine motility is primarily _________, which moves digesta for short distances, followed by cycles of segmentation contractions.
peristalsis,
Cows, goats and sheep are examples of foregut ______
fermenters
In ruminants, saliva has important roles – it acts as a _____ in the rumen to maintain the desired pH; it provides fluid to the rumen; and it also contains ____, which is a source of nitrogen for microbial protein synthesis
buffer
urea
Ruminal anaerobic fermentation produces gases such as methane, CO2 and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Methane and CO2 are lost through a process called ______
eructation.
Ruminants have the ability of digesting cellulose, which contains _____ linkages of glucose.
β[1-4]
Rumen motility has two sets of contractions: primary contractions – ____the digesta, separate by size; and secondary contractions – ______ (gas release).
mixing
eructation
The autonomic nervous system (visceral) can be subdivided into ____, _____, and _____
parasympathetic, sympathetic and enteric nervous system.
