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animal physioligy > Circulatory system: components and key roles > Flashcards

Circulatory system: components and key roles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 roles of the circulatory system?

A
  1. Supply blood to tissues and deliver metabolic wastes for excretion
  2. Initiate urine formation in the kidneys
  3. Thermoregulation of various body parts
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2
Q

Nutrients and oxygen go to _____ for use

A

to tissues

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3
Q

CO2 and metabolites (urea) are used for ____?

A

excretion

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4
Q

Parts of the circulatory system

A

Blood

Heart

Vessels

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5
Q

What does blood do?

A
  1. transport medium
    - nutrients
    - Respiratory gases
    - Metabolic waste products
    - Hormones
  2. Body temperature control
    - Blood carries heat to the surface of the body
  3. Protection:
    - Coagulation
    - Immune function
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6
Q

RBC and platelets do not have _____ and so they are not technically considered ____

A

nuclei

cells

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7
Q

Plasma = ____ + water

A

90%

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8
Q

Fluid =

A

plasma

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9
Q

plasma consists of ? 3 things

A

Dissolved substances- glucose, protein, ions, hormones

Clotting factors

Serum = plasma – clotting factors

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10
Q

Cells suspended in a fluid

A

Cells/cell-like elements:

red blood cells, 
lymphocytes, 
granulocytes, 
platelets, 
monocytes
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11
Q

Interstitial fluid is the portion of extracellular fluid contained ?

A

between cells, but not in the veins/arteries

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12
Q

plasma = ___ % of blood total

A

55%

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13
Q

erythrocytes = ___ % of blood total

A

45%

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14
Q

buffy coat, leukocytes, and platlets = ___ % of blood total

A

<1%

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15
Q

Changes in components:

Increases % as RBC

A

starving/dehydration (less plasma),

exercise (splenic contraction),

altitude

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16
Q

Changes in components:

Decreased % as RBC

A

overhydration,

excessive bleeding

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17
Q

Changes in components:

Increased buffy coat

A

infection

18
Q

lifespan of RBC

A

about 120 days

19
Q

RBC are Degraded by _____

A

macrophages in the liver and kidneys

20
Q

Red blood cells? 3 facts

A

Biconcave disk

No nuclei, few organelles

Contains hemoglobin

21
Q

Blood always come in through the ___ and out through the ______

A

atria

ventricles.

22
Q

the heart has __ chambers

A

4

23
Q

The walls of the heart = ______= _______- specialized form of striated muscle made of those short, branched disks

A

Myocardium

cardiac muscle

24
Q

Myocardium =

A

cardiac muscle

25
Q

cardiac muscle? 3 facts

A

1.Requires a constant O2 supply (to make ATP)

  1. Muscle fibers are tightly packed
    - No absorption of nutrients from the blood flowing through the heart chambers
  2. Blood supplied to muscle fibers via the coronary artery
    - Delivers O2 and nutrients to the heart muscle, so that it can contract
26
Q

Blood is essentially always enclosed in _____

A

vessels

27
Q

______ = many layers of tissue

A

Arteries and veins

28
Q

Capillaries =

A

single endothelial layer

29
Q

smooth muscle, connective tissue

A

Endothelium

30
Q

Site of nutrient and gas transfer

A

Microcirculatory beds

31
Q

Microcirculatory beds Consist of:

A

Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules

32
Q

Networks of microscopically small vessels in the systemic tissues

A

Microcirculatory beds

33
Q

Arterioles control

A

flow of blood through the capillary beds

34
Q

Control blood distribution in response to innervation, hormones (insulin, epinephrine) and local mediators (NO, lactic acid)

A

Arterioles

35
Q

Same tissue layers as arteries

A

Arterioles

36
Q

Capillary density is ______ and may change
Highest in ____(3)
May increase/decrease in certain disease states

A

tissue dependent

muscle, brain, heart

37
Q

Greater capillarity =

A

greater exchange surface

38
Q

Venules

A

Drain the microcirculatory beds

39
Q

Same tissue layers as veins, but are much smaller

A

Venules

40
Q

Blood eventually feeds from ____ to ____ to the _____ and back to the ____

A

venules

veins

vena cava

heart

animal physioligy (14 decks)

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