Circulatory system: components and key roles

Question 1

What are the 3 roles of the circulatory system?

Answer 1

1. Supply blood to tissues and deliver metabolic wastes for excretion
2. Initiate urine formation in the kidneys
3. Thermoregulation of various body parts

Question 2

Nutrients and oxygen go to _____ for use

Answer 2

to tissues

Question 3

CO2 and metabolites (urea) are used for ____?

Answer 3

excretion

Question 4

Parts of the circulatory system

Answer 4

Blood

Heart

Vessels

Question 5

What does blood do?

Answer 5

1. transport medium
   - nutrients
   - Respiratory gases
   - Metabolic waste products
   - Hormones
2. Body temperature control
   - Blood carries heat to the surface of the body
3. Protection:
   - Coagulation
   - Immune function

Question 6

RBC and platelets do not have _____ and so they are not technically considered ____

Answer 6

nuclei

cells

Question 7

Plasma = ____ + water

Answer 7

90%

Question 8

Fluid =

Answer 8

plasma

Question 9

plasma consists of ? 3 things

Answer 9

Dissolved substances- glucose, protein, ions, hormones

Clotting factors

Serum = plasma – clotting factors

Question 10

Cells suspended in a fluid

Answer 10

Cells/cell-like elements:

red blood cells, 
lymphocytes, 
granulocytes, 
platelets, 
monocytes

Question 11

Interstitial fluid is the portion of extracellular fluid contained ?

Answer 11

between cells, but not in the veins/arteries

Question 12

plasma = ___ % of blood total

Answer 12

55%

Question 13

erythrocytes = ___ % of blood total

Answer 13

45%

Question 14

buffy coat, leukocytes, and platlets = ___ % of blood total

Answer 14

<1%

Question 15

Changes in components:

Increases % as RBC

Answer 15

starving/dehydration (less plasma),

exercise (splenic contraction),

altitude

Question 16

Changes in components:

Decreased % as RBC

Answer 16

overhydration,

excessive bleeding

Question 17

Changes in components:

Increased buffy coat

Answer 17

infection

Question 18

lifespan of RBC

Answer 18

about 120 days

Question 19

RBC are Degraded by _____

Answer 19

macrophages in the liver and kidneys

Question 20

Red blood cells? 3 facts

Answer 20

Biconcave disk

No nuclei, few organelles

Contains hemoglobin

Question 21

Blood always come in through the ___ and out through the ______

Answer 21

atria

ventricles.

Question 22

the heart has __ chambers

Answer 22

4

Question 23

The walls of the heart = ______= _______- specialized form of striated muscle made of those short, branched disks

Answer 23

Myocardium

cardiac muscle

Question 24

Myocardium =

Answer 24

cardiac muscle

Question 25

cardiac muscle? 3 facts

Answer 25

1.Requires a constant O2 supply (to make ATP) 2. Muscle fibers are tightly packed - No absorption of nutrients from the blood flowing through the heart chambers 3. Blood supplied to muscle fibers via the coronary artery - Delivers O2 and nutrients to the heart muscle, so that it can contract

Question 26

Blood is essentially always enclosed in _____

Answer 26

vessels

Question 27

______ = many layers of tissue

Answer 27

Arteries and veins

Question 28

Capillaries =

Answer 28

single endothelial layer

Question 29

smooth muscle, connective tissue

Answer 29

Endothelium

Question 30

Site of nutrient and gas transfer

Answer 30

Microcirculatory beds

Question 31

Microcirculatory beds Consist of:

Answer 31

Arterioles Capillaries Venules

Question 32

Networks of microscopically small vessels in the systemic tissues

Answer 32

Microcirculatory beds

Question 33

Arterioles control

Answer 33

flow of blood through the capillary beds

Question 34

Control blood distribution in response to innervation, hormones (insulin, epinephrine) and local mediators (NO, lactic acid)

Answer 34

Arterioles

Question 35

Same tissue layers as arteries

Answer 35

Arterioles

Question 36

Capillary density is ______ and may change Highest in ____(3) May increase/decrease in certain disease states

Answer 36

tissue dependent muscle, brain, heart

Question 37

Greater capillarity =

Answer 37

greater exchange surface

Question 38

Venules

Answer 38

Drain the microcirculatory beds

Question 39

Same tissue layers as veins, but are much smaller

Answer 39

Venules

Question 40

Blood eventually feeds from ____ to ____ to the _____ and back to the ____

Answer 40

venules veins vena cava heart