Study Guide Material for Final Flashcards
under the heading “dissonance after decisions,” the text described a classic case of dissonance that is caused by?
being torn between two equally-attractive alternatives.
suppose when you are tailgated, you call the tailgater a “jerk.” but when you are the tailgater, you do not call yourself a “jerk” - you claim that you are running late. The “actor-observer bias” refers to what part of this story?
how you switched explanations.
according to ch. 1, does social psychology related at all to biology?
yes - there was an entire section labeled “social behavior is biologically rooted.”
according to cohen’s (2003) research on conformity and politics, average voters go along with their political groups’ views even if the voters’ previous views are different. What was the focus ion cohen’s research?
that voters’ interpretations of facts shift to fit their groups.
according to the blog article on conformity ad politics, sharing fake news was a problem in the recent presidential election due in part to conformity. the blog article made a few suggestions at the end to reduce conformity - related fallacies in politics. which of the following is not one of the suggestions?
avoid the extreme news shows that share biased views and no counter views.
ch. 8 had a section titled “driven by distraction.” this section discusses how being with others can create a conflict between paying attention to others and paying attention to the task at hand. according to the text, this conflict can contribute to…
arousal.
suppose an experimenter subtly induced half to the participants to mistreat a supposed fellow participant (actually an actor). how would these participants come to view the mistreated participants?
more negatively - to justify the mistreatment.
according to the text, “pluralistic ignorance” is defined as…
a false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling.
according to the text, how do individual differences (e.g., within a male or female group) compare to gender differences (i.e., the differences between the average man ad woman)?
individual differences far exceed gender differences.
in festinger and carlsmith’s (1959) famous experiment, participants were paid to lie about how enjoyable a boring task was. the participants who received $1 for lying ended up liking the task more than those who received $20. the text explained the attitude change of the $1 participants as being caused by…
insufficient justification
according to lecture, is there any experimental evidence that supports any aspect of evolutionary theory?
yes - using species who life spans are very short, such evidence exists.
suppose johny scored a 55 on a standard IQ test, and john’s teacher thus called john a retard. Johny’s parents overheard this comment and accused the teacher of being prejudiced against johny or against those who score low on IQ tests. the point of logic, “A implies B doesn’t mean that B doesn’t imply A,” shows why it is NOT necessary that the teacher is prejudiced. What do A and B stand for?
A = teacher is prejudiced against john, B = the teacher called john a retard.
the course covered many biases that the average person commits. How can on bees summarize the research on biases?
people tend to be defensive ego protectors and people are psychologically resilient to negative life events, failure, and mistakes.
according to lecture, there are four general causes of prejudiced attitudes. one of them is your own behavior. what are the remaining three?
information, conditioning, and modeling.
which of the following is true regarding the accuracy of our stereotypes/prejudices?
1) some stereotypes are more accurate than others.
2) rarely if ever does a stereotype pertain to EVERY member of the group.
3) most stereotypes pertain to a minority of group members.
