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DMSO Physics 2 > Study guide for 18, 19, 20 > Flashcards

Study guide for 18, 19, 20 Flashcards

1
Q

Movement of fluid from one location to another?

A

Velocity

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2
Q

Fluid moving with a variable velocity accelerates and decelerates?

A

Pulsitile flow

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3
Q

Movement of fluid from one location to another that accelerates and decelerates w/ respiration?

A

Phasic Flow

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4
Q

Flow pattern seen with normal physiological states?

A

Laminar Flow

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5
Q

Chaotic flow in many directions and speeds?

A

Turbulent Flow

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6
Q

Frictional loss, blood slide along vessel wall is considered what?

A

Heat?

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7
Q

Reynolds number, turbulent flow?

A

> 2,000

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8
Q

What the effects of stenosis are?

A 
change in flow direction
↑ velocity as vessels narrows
turbulence downstream from the stenosis
pressure gradient across the stenosis
loss of pulsatility
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9
Q

Next 5 questions are about hydrostatic pressure?

These are all in supine

A

Ankle 140mmHg heart 0mmHg 140 mmHg (140 + 0)
Knee ‘’
mid Chest ‘’
Top of head’’

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10
Q

Doppler shift provide info about what?

A

Velocity

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11
Q

Positive and negative Doppler shift?

Positive

A

toward transducer
reflected higher than transmitted
arterial

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12
Q

Positive and negative Doppler shift?

Negative

A

away from transducer
reflected lower than transmitted
venous

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13
Q

Typical range of Doppler shift found in imaging examinations?

A

Audible

20Hz - 20kHz

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14
Q

If the sample volume is deep, the PRF and Nyquist limit is what?

A

low, creates aliasing

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15
Q

Phenomenon high velocity is negative?

A

Aliasing

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16
Q

Five ways to eliminate aliasing?

A
  1. adjust scale
  2. shallower
  3. ↓ frequency
  4. Baseline
  5. Continuous Wave
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17
Q

Large and small sample volumes, which will fill in on Doppler?

A

Large, spectral broading

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18
Q

X and Y axis on Doppler Spectrum?

X

A

Time

19
Q

X and Y axis on Doppler Spectrum?

Y

A

Shift or Velocity

20
Q

Doppler shift inversely related to?

A

speed of sound in the medium

21
Q

What is the basic Doppler system that simple identifies the blood flow of the presence of a frequency shift?

A

power doppler (MW pg 333)

22
Q

Gray shades on Doppler spectrum related to two things?

A

amplitude of reflected signal

number of blood cells creating the reflection

23
Q

Doppler Spectrum, high waveform is a high frequency or low?

A

?

I think this is high freq. because they are directly related (MW pg 308)

24
Q

What is the Doppler Effect?

A

the change in frequency

25
Q

Difference between speed and velocity?

Speed

A

magnitude (distance red blood cells travel in 1 second)

26
Q

Difference between speed and velocity?

Velocity

A

Magnitude and direction

27
Q

Angle w/ Doppler/ No angle?

A

0⁰: 1.0
90⁰: 0
180⁰: -1.0

28
Q

Primary advantage for a pulse wave Doppler?

A

select exact location

range resolution, range specificity

29
Q

Primary advantage for continuous Doppler?

A

ability to accurately measure very high velocity

30
Q

Bidirectional, type of processing?

A

Phase quadrature or quadrature detection

31
Q

FFT used in what type of what?

A

Is a computer-based technique, is use to process both pulsed and continuous wave Doppler signals

32
Q

Velocities that color flow measures?

A

mean or average

33
Q

Autocorrelation?

A

digital technique to analyses color flow Doppler less accurate but faster than FFT

34
Q

Limitation to color flow imaging?

A

it has range resolution and is subject to aliasing

pg 325 and esp physics pdf

35
Q

Area of integration in Doppler is called?

A

Sample Volume

36
Q

More accurate velocity measurement

Increased sensitivity low flow

A

Large Doppler packet advantages and disadvantages?

Advantages

37
Q

More time needed to acquire data
Reduced frame rate
Decreased temporal resolution

A

Large Doppler packet advantages and disadvantages?

Disadvantages

38
Q

How to measure low flow states?

A

Power Doppler?

39
Q

Inspiration vs Expiration

Inspiration

A 
Diaphragm ↓
Thoracic pressure ↓
Abdomen pressure ↑
Venous return to the heart ↑
Venous flow in legs ↓
40
Q

Inspiration Vs Expiration

Expiration

A 
Diaphragm ↑
Thoracic pressure ↑
Abdomen pressure ↓
Venous return to the heart ↓
Venous flow in legs ↑
41
Q

Venous pressure is low, pressure in veins?

A

Low

42
Q
  1. What happens to shape of veins when pressure increases?
A

starts hourglass, then goes oval, then to round

43
Q

Hydrostatic pressure when standing

A

Ankle 140 mmHg, Far below heart level, 100mmHg , 240mmHg (140 + 100)
Knee, 140mmHG, Somewhat below heart

DMSO Physics 2 (26 decks)

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