Ch 14

Question 1

Transducer

Answer 1

Converts electrical to acoustic energy (transmission) Converts acoustic to electrical energy (reception)

Question 2

Master Synchronizer

Answer 2

Communicates organizes and times the functions

Question 3

Pulser

Answer 3

determines the amplitude, PRP, and PRF occurs during transmission creates and controls electrical signal sent to transducer

Question 4

Beam Former

Answer 4

determines the firing, delay patterns for phased array system

Question 5

Receiver

Answer 5

transform electrical signals from the transducer into a form suitable for display

Question 6

Display

Answer 6

Monitor

Question 7

Storage

Answer 7

archives the ultrasound studies storage devices include: computer hard drives, CD, DVD, videotape, magneto-optical discs, paper printouts, photographs, and USB

Question 8

Transducer output

Answer 8

effects entire image use during transmission can cause exposure/ bioeffects Adjustable

Question 9

Transducer Synonyms

Answer 9

output gain, acoustic power, pulser power, energy output, transmitter output, power or gain

Question 10

Noise

Answer 10

random and persistent disturbance that obscures or reduces a signal’s clarity

Question 11

Signal to Noise when high

Answer 11

signal is much stronger than the noise and the image is a high quality

Question 12

Signal to Noise when low

Answer 12

degrades image strength is closer to strength of the noise

Question 13

Signal to Noise

Answer 13

comparison of the meaningful info (signal) to the amount of contamination (noise)

Question 14

increase output power, signal to noise ratio ______.

Answer 14

increase

Question 15

PRP and PRF are what related

Answer 15

inversely

Question 16

Is PRP adjustable

Answer 16

Yes

Question 17

Shallow Imaging listening time PRP PRF

Answer 17

shorter listening time shorter PRP higher PRF

Question 18

Deep Imaging listening time PRP PRF

Answer 18

longer listening time longer PRP lower PRF

Question 19

Apodization

Answer 19

adjust electrical spikes voltage to reduce love artifacts

Question 20

Order of Receiver Operations

Answer 20

1. Amplification 2. Compensation 3. Compression 4. Demodulation 5. Reject

Question 21

Amplification adjustable? singals processed Effects on image

Answer 21

adjustable all signals trated identically entire image gets brighter or darker

Question 22

Compensation adjustable? singals processed Effects on image

Answer 22

adjustble signals treated differently based on reflector depth image will be uniformly bright from top to bottom

Question 23

Compression adjustable? singals processed Effects on image

Answer 23

adjustable signals treated differently depending on strength changes gray scale mapping

Question 24

Demodulation adjustable? singals processed Effects on image

Answer 24

not adjustable prepares electrical signals to be suitable for display none

Question 25

Reject adjustable? singals processed Effects on image

Answer 25

adjustable only weak signals affects; strong signals remain unchanged weal echoes appear or are eliminated from image

Question 26

Dynamic Frequency Tuning

Answer 26

uses damping material to create short pulses, which provides better axial resolution use only high frequencies

Question 27

ALARA

Answer 27

As Low As Reasonably Achievable minimizes the patients ultrasound exposure

Question 28

Output Power vs Receiver Gain Output Power

Answer 28

changes brightness of entire image alters signal to noise ratio alters patient exposure bioeffect concerns decrease this first if image is too bright

Question 29

Output Power vs Receiver Gain Receiver Gain

Answer 29

changes brightness of entire image doesn’t affect signal to noise ratio doesn’t change patient exposure no bio effect concern increase this first if image is too dark