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DMSO Physics 2 > Ch 15 > Flashcards

Ch 15 Flashcards

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1
Q

Bistable

A

2 shades; black and white High Contrast

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2
Q

Gray Scale

A

Multiple levels of gray Low Contrast

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3
Q

Analog

A

“real world” numbers

unlimited # of choices

continuous values

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4
Q

Digital

A

“computer” numbers

limited choices

discrete values

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5
Q

Contrast

A

determines the range of brilliance within the displayed image

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6
Q

Brightness

A

determines the range of the displayed image

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7
Q

Scan convertor

A

translates the information from the spoke format into the video format

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8
Q

Spatial resolution

A

image detail

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9
Q

Disadvantages of analog scan convertors

A

image fade

image flicker

instability

deterioration

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10
Q

Advantages of digital scan convertors

A

Uniformity

Stability

Durability

Speed

Accuracy

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11
Q

Pixel

A

smallest building block of a digital picture

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12
Q

Pixel Density

A

Number of picture elements per inch

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13
Q

Low Pixel Density

pixels per inch

size of pixels

detail of image

spatial resolution

A

few pixels per inch

larger pixels

less detailed image

lower spatial resolution

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14
Q

High Pixel Density

pixels per inch

size of pixels

detail of image

spatial resolution

A

many pixels per inch

smaller pixels

more detailed image

higher spatial resolution

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15
Q

Bit

A

smallest amount of computer memory

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16
Q

Byte

A

group of eight bits of computer memory

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17
Q

Word

A

computer memory consists of two bytes or 16 bits

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18
Q

Contrast Resolution

A

gray shades

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19
Q

Fewer Bits per Pixel

shades of gray

contrast resolution

A

fewer shades of gray

degraded contrast resolution

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20
Q

More Bits per Pixel

shades of gray

contrast resolution

A

more shades of gray

improved contrast resolution

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21
Q

Calculating the shades of gray

A

2^ number of bits

22
Q

Pixels vs Bits

Pixel

A

image element

image detail

spatial resolution

23
Q

Pixels vs Bits

Bits

A

computer memory

gray shades

contrast resolution

24
Q

Analog to digital converter

A

Analog -> analog to digital converter -> Digital memory -> digital to analog converter -> Analog

25
Q

Preprocessing

A

manipulating before storage in the scan convertor

TGC , log Compression , write magnification, persistence, spatial compounding, edge enhancement, fill-in interpolation

26
Q

Postprocessing

A

manipulating after storage in the scan convertor

any change after freeze frame, black/white inversion, read magnification, contrast variation, 3-D rendering

27
Q

Read Magnification

A

uses old data

postprocessing

larger pixel size

same # of pixels as in the original ROI

unchanged spatial resolution

unchanged temporal resolution

28
Q

Write Magnification

A

acquires new data

preprocessing

identical pixel size

more pixels that in the original ROI

improves spatial resolution

may improves temporal resolution

29
Q

Coded Excitation

A

method of improving image quality

creates long sound pulses containing a wide range of frequencies

occurs in pulser

30
Q

Advantages of Coded Excitation

A

higher signal to noise ratio

improved axial resolution

improved spatial resolution

improved contrast resolution

deeper penetration

31
Q

Spatial Compounding

A

method of using different angles to produce a single image

reduce speckle and shadowing

used with electrical steering / phased array only

32
Q

Frequency Compounding

A

reduce speckle and noise artifact

reflected sound wave is divided into subbands

33
Q

Edge Enhancement

A

makes image look sharper

works by increasing image contrast

creates sublte bright and dark highlights around edges to make them look more defined

34
Q

Temporal Compounding or Persistence

A

makes image smoother

“super impose”

35
Q

Fill-in Interpolation

A

predicts what information lies between the gaps and improves spatial resolution

preprocessing

36
Q

Elastography

A

measure how dense something is and have mechanical properties

37
Q

PACS

A

Picture Archiving and Communications System

Stored digitally

38
Q

DICOM

A

Digital Imaging and Computers in Medicine

set of rules, or protocols, that allows imaging system to share info on a network

assure’s communicatoin for future devices

39
Q

Recording and Archiving Techniques: Paper Media Examples

A

charts from pen writers

40
Q

Recording and Archiving Techniques: Paper Media Advantages

A

portability does not require a device to read

41
Q

Recording and Archiving Techniques: Paper Media Disadvantages

A

bulky, hard to store difficult to make copies cant display dynamic images

42
Q

Recording and Archiving Techniques: Magnetic Media Examples

A

computer discs computer memory magnetic tape video tape

43
Q

Recording and Archiving Techniques: Magnetic Media Advantages

A

able to store large amounts of info efficiently can store and play dynamic can record color

44
Q

Recording and Archiving Techniques: Magnetic Media Disadvantages

A

can be erased by strong magnetic fields

45
Q

Recording and Archiving Techniques: Chemically Mediated Photographs Examples

A

photographs flat films multiformat camera film

46
Q

Recording and Archiving Techniques: Chemically Mediated Photographs Advantages

A

High resolution accepted in the medical community can produce color images

47
Q

Recording and Archiving Techniques: Chemically Mediated Photographs Disadvantages

A

bulky, difficult to store and retrieve requires chemical processing artifacts can arise from dirt pr chemical contamination

48
Q

Recording and Archiving Techniques: Optical Media Examples

A

laser discs compact discs

49
Q

Recording and Archiving Techniques: Optical Media Advantages

A

store huge amounts of data inexpensive not erased by exposure to magnetic field

50
Q

Recording and Archiving Techniques: Optical Media Disadvantages

A

requires a display system no standardized format for image display and storage

DMSO Physics 2 (26 decks)

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