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DMSO Physics 2 > SPI review > Flashcards

SPI review Flashcards

1
Q

typical values for period

A

0.06-0.5 micro sec

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2
Q

typical values of frequency

A

2-15 MHz

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3
Q

Amplitude can have units of:

A

pascals, grams/cm^3, cm, dB

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4
Q

typical values for intensity

A

.001-100 watts/cm^2

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5
Q

typical value for wavelength

A

0.1-0.8mm

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6
Q

typical values for propagation speed

A

1500-1600 m/s

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7
Q

equation for wavelength

A

wavelength (mm)= 1.54 (mm/micro sec)/ frequency (MHz)

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8
Q

typical values for pulse duration

A

.5-3 micro sec

2-4 cycles

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9
Q

pulse duration=

A

cycles in pulse x period

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10
Q

typical values for PRP

A

100 micro sec to 1 msec

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11
Q

typical values of PRF

A

1000 to 10000 Hz

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12
Q

typical value of duty factor

A

0.1 % to 1 %

.001 to .01

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13
Q

Duty factor =

A

pulse duration/ PRP

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14
Q

What typ of imaging has high PRF, high duty factor, and short PRP?

A

shallow

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15
Q

typical values of spatial pulse length

A

0.1 to 1 mm

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16
Q

spatial pulse length=

A

number of cycles x wavelength

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17
Q

what type of imaging has low PRF, low duty factor, and long PRP?

A

deep

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18
Q

intensity most relevent to tissue heating?

A

SPTA

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19
Q

decibles have what type of scale?

A

relative

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20
Q

units for attenuation coefficient

A

dB/cm

21
Q

attenuation coefficient in soft tissue

A

.5 dB/cm/MHz

22
Q

impedance is ______ not _________.

A

calculated, not measured

23
Q

typical values for impedance

A

1,250,000 and 1,750,000 rayls

24
Q

refraction requires?

A

oblique incidence and different speeds

25
Q

snells law

A

sine (transmission angle)=prop speed 2

_______________________________

sine (incident angle)=prop speed 1

26
Q

A property of certain materials to create a voltage when pressure is applied?

A

piezoelectric effect

27
Q

Q factor =

A

resonant freq/bandwidth

28
Q

axial resolution equation in soft tissue

A

.77 x # cycles in pulse/ freq

29
Q

A-mode

A

xaxis: depth
yaxis: amplitude

30
Q

B-mode

A

xaxis: depth
zaxis: brightness

31
Q

m-mode

A

xaxis: time
yaxis: depth

32
Q

sector
mechanical steering

fixed focusing

1 crystal

image loss

A

mechanical

33
Q

rectangular

no steering

fixed focusing

200 rectangular crystals

vert line dropout

A

linear switched

34
Q

sector

electronic steering

fixed focusing

200 rectangular crystals

poor steering and focusing

A

linear phased array

35
Q

sector

mechanical steering

electronic focusing

5 ring crystals

horiz line dropout

A

annular phased

36
Q

blunted sector

no steering

fixed focusing

200 rectangular crystals

vert line dropout

A

convex sequential

37
Q

blunted sector

electronic steering

electronic focusing

200 rectangular crystals

poor steering and focusing

A

convex phased

38
Q

flat top sector

electonic steering

electronic focusing

200 rectangular crystals

poor steering and focusing

A

vector

39
Q

frame rate is determined by what two factors?

A

speed of sound in a medium and depth of view

40
Q

what is a beam former?

A

creates the firing patterns for phased array systems

41
Q

The science of identifying and measuring those characteristics of an US field which are especially relevent to its potential for producing biological effects?

A

Dosimetry

42
Q

Mechanistic approach is cause and effect, what is the emperical approach?

A

exposure and response

43
Q

_______ beams are less likely to cause temp elevation in tissues.

A

focused

44
Q

intesity limits for unfocused sound and focused sound?

A

unfocused: 100 mW/cm^2
focused: 1000 mW/cm^2

45
Q

microbubbles get _______ during rarefractions. cavitation is more likely to occur in ______ than other tissues.

A

bigger

lung

46
Q

Mechanical index is higher, more likely to produce cavitation with:

A

peak rarefraction pressure and lower frequency

47
Q

bulk modulus also means what?

A

stiffness

48
Q
A

DMSO Physics 2 (26 decks)

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