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DMSO Physics 2 > SPI Review > Flashcards

SPI Review Flashcards

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1
Q

reciprical of .001

A

1000

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2
Q

reciprical of 1/10

A

10

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3
Q

how much bigger is one billion than one thousand

A

1,000,000

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4
Q

what happens to the period of a wave as it proagates

A

it remains the same

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5
Q

as sound travels through a medium what term descrives the effects of the meduim on the sound wave

A

acoustic propagation properties

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6
Q

what is the unit for the speed of ultrasound in soft tissue

A

m/s (1.54)

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7
Q

what is the freq of a wave with 1msec period

A

1khz

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8
Q

what is the distance covered by one cycle

A

wavelength

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9
Q

which of the following is determinded by the source and the medium? freq, period, prop speed, or range resolution

A

range resolution

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10
Q

a sound waves freq is 10MHz. The wave is traveling in soft tissue. What is the wavelength?

A

0.15 mm

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11
Q

what happens to the speed of sound in a medium when the bulk modulus of the medium increase

A

faster

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12
Q

if the level of an acoustic variable ranges from 55 to 105, what is the amplitude

A

25

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13
Q

if the intensity of a sound beam remains unchanged while the beam area is reduced in half. what has happened to the power

A

halved

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14
Q

what is the minimum value of duty factor

A

0%

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15
Q

what happens to the speed of sound in a medum when the bulk modulus of the medium decreses

A

slower

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16
Q

sound intensity is decreased by 75%. how many decibels of attenuation is this

A

6db

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17
Q

if a 5MHz sound wave is traveling in the russues listed below, which will have the longest wavelength? fat, air, muscle, bone

A

bone

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18
Q

what is the approxomate attenuation coefficient of 1

A

0.5dB/cm

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19
Q

ipedance is the ____ of _______ and ________

A

product, prpagation speed, density

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20
Q

for soft tissue, the approximate attenuation coefficient in dB/cm is equeal to 1/2 _____ in _________

A

freq, MHz

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21
Q

as the impendances of 2 media become vastly different the

A

reflection increases

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22
Q

the angle between an US pulse and the boundry between two madia is 56 degrees, this is called

A

oblique incidence

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23
Q

refraction only occurs if there are

A

obligue incidence and diff propagation speeds

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24
Q

with normal incidence what factors affect refraction of US? propagation speeds, frequencies, attenuation coefficients, none of the above

A

non of the above

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25
Q

true or false, with right angle incidence, reflections are alwayus generated at a boundry if the propagation speeds of the media are different

A

false

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26
Q

________ is a redirection of US in many directions uniformly as a result of rough boundary between 2 media

A

rayleigh scattering

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27
Q

under which of the following conditions is axial res umproved? decreased spatial pulse length, decreased pulse amplitude, decreased imaging depth, decreased pixel size, decreased beam diameter

A

decreased spatial pulse length

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28
Q

the most likely amount of refelction at a boundry between soft tussies is? 1%, 22%, 34%, 99%

A

1%

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29
Q

the most typical amount of transmission at a boundary in biologic media is? 1%, 22%, 34%, 99%

A

99%

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30
Q

sound is traceling from medium 1 to medium 2, propagation speeds of M1 and M2 are 1,600m/s and 1,500m/s, there is oblique incidence

A

angle of incidence = angle of refelction

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31
Q

t or f, doppler shifts always occur if the sound source and receiver are in motion

A

f

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32
Q

which of the following is associated with power mode doppler? poor temporal resolution and flash artifact, lower sensitivity and good temporal resolution, high sensiticity and high frame rates, flash artifact and reduced sensitity, good temporal resolution and flash artifact

A

poor temporal res and flash artifact

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33
Q

the doppler shift is a measure of

A

difference between incident and refelcted freq

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34
Q

in an analog scan concerter what component stores the image data

A

dielectric matrix

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35
Q

t or f, shadowing may result from high amounts of reflection of US energy

A

t

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36
Q

typical vaule of a period

A

.06 to .5 micro sec

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37
Q

period is

A

the time to complete a single cycle, start of one cycle to start of the next, units are time

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38
Q

frequency is

A

number of certain events that occur in a particular time duration

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39
Q

typical freq in US

A

2MHz to 15MHz

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40
Q

US freq

A

> 20,000Hz

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41
Q

audable

A

20Hz to 20,000Hz

42
Q

infrasound

A
43
Q

amplitude

A

the difference between the average value and the max value of an acoustic variable

44
Q

units of amplitude

A

those of the acoustic variables

45
Q

power

A

the rate that work is perfomred or the rate of energy transfer

46
Q

units for power

A

watts

47
Q

rlationship between power and amplitude

A

power is proportional to the waves amplitude squared

48
Q

intenisty

A

the concetration of energy in a sound beam

49
Q

how to calculate intensity

A

the beams power divided by the beams cross sectional area

50
Q

units of intensity

A

watts/cm squared

51
Q

intensity is directly related and proportional to

A

power

52
Q

how to calculate intensity

A

amplitude squared

53
Q

what is the lenghth or distance of a single cycle

A

wavelength

54
Q

wavelength is determined by

A

both the sound source and the medium

55
Q

typical value of wavelength in soft tissue

A

o.1 to 0.8 mm

56
Q

how to calculate wavelength

A

wavelength = prop speed / freq

57
Q

average speed of sound in soft tissue

A

1.54km/s = 1.540m/s = 1.54mm/micro sec

58
Q

sound in a slow medium as a ______ wavelength

A

short

59
Q

sound in a fast medium as a _______ wavelength

A

long

60
Q

bulk modulus is the same as

A

stiffness

61
Q

equeation for speed

A

speed = freq x wavelength

62
Q

if the intensity remains the same while the power is doubled, what happends to the beam area

A

doubled

63
Q

which of the following waves will have the shortest wavelength? low freq in a fast medium, low freq in a slow medium, high freq in a fast medium, high freq in a slow medium

A

high freq in a slow medium

64
Q

a collection of cycles that travel together

A

pulse

65
Q

the time from the start of a pulse to the end of that pulse (actual time that that pulse is on)

A

pulse duration

66
Q

typical valuse of pulse duration in US

A

0.5 to 3 micro secs

67
Q

in US a pulse is comprised of _______ cycles

A

2 to 4 cycles

68
Q

pulse duration equation

A

of cycles in a pulse x perior

or

of cycles in a pulse / freq (MHz)

69
Q

pulse repetition period is

A

time from the sart of one pulse to the start of the next pulse

70
Q

typical values for PRP

A

100 micro sec to 1 msec

71
Q

PRP is directly related to

A

imaging depth

72
Q

PRF is

A

the number of pulses that occur in one sec, unit is Hz

73
Q

typical PRF valuse in US

A

1 to 10kHz

74
Q

PRF is inversly related to

A

imaging depth

75
Q

duty factor is

A

the % of time that the system transmits sound

76
Q

shallow imaging

A

high PRF
high duty factor
short PRP

77
Q

deep imaging

A

low PRF
low duty factor
long PRP

78
Q

spatial pulse length is

A

the length or distance that an entire pulse occupies in space. The distance from the start to the end of one pulse

79
Q

spatial pulse length determines ________ resolution

A

axial

shorter pulses create higher quality images

80
Q

typical value for spatial pulse length

A

0.1 to 1mm

81
Q

def of intensity

A

the concentration of power in a beam

82
Q

peak

A

max value

83
Q

average

A

mean value

84
Q

spatial

A

distance or space

85
Q

temporal

A

all time, transmit and receive

86
Q

pulse

A

only time pulse exists, transmit time

87
Q

most important intensity regarding bioeffects

A

SPTA

88
Q

_______ can be reported in various ways in respect to time and space

A

intensities

89
Q

intensity in the key parameter in regards to

A

bio effects

90
Q

3dB is ___ bigger

A

two times bigger

91
Q

10dB is _____ bigger

A

ten times bigger

92
Q

a signals power increases from 1 watt to 100 watts, express in dB

A

100dB

93
Q

100% pwer with 0dB change setting to 25% what are the dB

A

-6dB

94
Q

unit for attenuation

A

dB

95
Q

total attenuation increases with

A

higher freq and longer path length

96
Q

three componenets of attenuation

A

reflection
absortion
scattering

97
Q

attenuation in ______ is similar to soft tissue

A

blood

98
Q

types of reflection

A

specular-smooth surface, back in one direction

diffuse or backscatter-rough boundry same size as wavelength

rayleigh- irregular boudary smaller than wavelength

99
Q

rayleigh scattering

A

chaotically redirected in all directions, higher freq more rayleigh, related to freq

100
Q

what would cause rayleigh scattering

A

red blood cell

DMSO Physics 2 (26 decks)

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