Study Guide (DNA and RNA) #3

Question 1

transcription

Answer 1

occurs in nucleus of a eukaryotic cell

Question 2

RNA polymeras

Answer 2

enzyme
carries out the process of transcribing RNA from DNA
start specific nucleotide sequence called promoter next to gene

Question 3

promoter

Answer 3

specific nucleotide sequence

Question 4

RNA nucleotides

Answer 4

take their places one at a time alon gthe DNA template

hydrogen bond with complementary bases

Question 5

terminator

Answer 5

base sequence that signals the end of the gene

Question 6

in prokaryote

Answer 6

rna is transcribed from a gene called mRNA, can be used immediately in polypeptide

Question 7

in eukaryotic cell

Answer 7

RNA is furthur modified before leavign the nucleus as mrNA

Question 8

modified

Answer 8

processed

Question 9

introns

Answer 9

extra nucleotides are added to the ends of the transcript,

noncoding regions

Question 10

exons

Answer 10

the remaing exons are spliced togehte rto form a continuous coding sequence

Question 11

finished mrNA

Answer 11

leaves nucleus and enters cytoplasm

Question 12

translation

Answer 12

occurs in cytoplasm

words of mRNA message into amino acid sequence protein

Question 13

tRNA

Answer 13

interpreter
links appropritate amino acids with each codon in the mRNA message
folded strand of RNA

Question 14

enzyme and tRNA

Answer 14

at one end, enzyme links the tRNA to a specific amino acid

Question 15

three bases and tRNA

Answer 15

at other end of tRNA molecule bears three bases,

Question 16

anticodon

Answer 16

three bases

complementary to a particular mRNA codon

Question 17

during translation process (tRNA)

Answer 17

matches its amino acid with an mRNA codon

Question 18

ribosomes

Answer 18

factories where the inforamtion in mRNA is translated and polypeptide chains are constructed

Question 19

what are ribosomes consisted of

Answer 19

protein and rRNA

have groove that serves as a binding site for mRNA

Question 20

P site

Answer 20

holds tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide

Question 21

A site

Answer 21

holds a tRNA bearing the next amino acid

Question 22

translation beings …

Answer 22

with initiation

Question 23

start codon

Answer 23

where translation begins

specific mRNA codon

Question 24

initiator tRNA and mRNA

Answer 24

bind to ribosome and a specific mRNA codon
generly carreis Met
fits into P site on ribosome

Question 25

met

Answer 25

amino acid methionine

Question 26

elongation

Answer 26

adding amino acids to the growign chains

Question 27

stop codon

Answer 27

stop codon reaches A site of ribosome terminating the polypeptide
causes polypeptide to separate front eh last tRNA and the ribsome

Question 28

final of translation

Answer 28

polypeptide folds up, and it may join with other polypeptides to form a larger protein molecule