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Biology (9th grade) > Study Guide Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Study Guide Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

aristotle

A

greek philosopher who believed species to be perfect and permanent

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2
Q

book of gensis

A

stated that all species were designed by a supreme creator

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3
Q

peter and rosemary gran

A

research on galapagos finches documents natural selection

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4
Q

jean baptiste lamark

A

proposed that acquired charactersitics may be influenced

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5
Q

charle slyell

A

his book about gradual geological change influenced darwin

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6
Q

thomas malthus

A

asserted that populations grow faster than resources

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7
Q

charles darwin

A

wrote the origin of species, explaining descent with modification

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8
Q

alfred russell wallace

A

conceieved a theory of evolution almost identical to darwins

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9
Q

darwin

A

english scientist who first devised thoeyr of evolution

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10
Q

heritable

A

passed on to offspring

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11
Q

individuals whose inherited charactersitics suied them best

A

wold be more likely to survive and reproduce than other less suited indivduals

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12
Q

beneficial traits

A

accumulate over geneation

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13
Q

natural selection

A

unequal reproduction

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14
Q

aritifical selection

A

humans pick out and breed individuals with desirable traits

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15
Q

peter and rosemary grant

A

individuals with bigger stronger beaks become more numerous during dry years (small seeds are in short supply)
EXAMPLE OF NATURAL SELECTION

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16
Q

pestiticide resistiance in insects

A

EXAMPLE OF EVOLUTION OR NATURAL SELECTION ( idk)
poison might kill most members of an insect population but individuals with alleles that protect them best from being poisoned survive and reproduce, passing those alleles onto their descendents, seen in greater and greater numbers in succeeding generations, less resistant indivudals die out

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17
Q

natural selection

A

does not create the alleles, selects for individuals in population that already have those alleles, favors those characteristics that fit the local environment, involves diferences among individuals, but individuals things do not evolve, invidiaul does not change its growth rate, popualation changes

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18
Q

evolution

A

not goal directed

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19
Q

fossils

A

hard parts of animals, bones, bones, teeth, shells

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20
Q

pallantrologisit

A

scientist who studies fossils

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21
Q

fossils 2

A

trace the evolution of mammals from a reptillian ancestor

22
Q

strata

A

rock layers

23
Q

biologist

A

rely mainly on fossils preserved in sedimentary rock

24
Q

entire organisFtrm…

A

may be preserved if bacteria and fungi do not decompose the corpse

25
Q

oldest fossils

A

from prokaryotes from 3.5 billion years ago

26
Q

relatives ages of fossils

A

can be deduced from the layers in which they are found

27
Q

extinct

A

no longer eixt

28
Q

fossil seashell

A

might be an empty mold

29
Q

fossil and whales

A

fossils show that whales evolved from 4 legged land mammals

30
Q

fossil recod

A

sequence of fossils within layers of rock

31
Q

ankle bones and whlaes

A

ankle bones show that whales are related to pigs, hippos, cows, camels, and deer

32
Q

sedimentary ock

A

form from layers of mud or sand

33
Q

trace

A

footprints, burrows, racks

34
Q

oldest fossils

A

fossils found in deepest strata

35
Q

amber

A

entire insects can be perfectly preserved there

36
Q

fossils

A

demonstrate that past organisms differ from existing ones

37
Q

feritilized eggs of earthwroms, insects, and snails all go through same pattern of cel division

A

comparative anatomy

38
Q

same gene seems to be inovled in formation of eyes in many animals

A

molecular biology

39
Q

genes of humans and chimpanzees are about 96% identical

A

molecular biology

40
Q

remains of upright walking but small brained apes have been found in africa

A

fossil reccord

41
Q

all anaimsl wth backbones have 12 pairs of nerves extendign from brain

A

comparative anamonty

42
Q

bacteria quickly become resistance to antibiotics

A

natural selection

43
Q

american kennel club recognizes more than 150 dog breeds

A

artificial selection

44
Q

many unique marsupial mammals live in autralia

A

biogeography

45
Q

a protein called albumin is very similiar in dogs and wolves, less similair in dogs and cats

A

momlecular biology

46
Q

farther an island is from mainland the more unique its plants and animals

A

biogeography

47
Q

limbs of all lan vertebrates have on upper leg bone and two lower leg bones

A

comparative anatomy

48
Q

anaimals called trilobites were common in oceans 300 million years ago, but they have been extinct for millions of years

A

fossil record

49
Q

in all living things, AUG is the mRNA start codon

A

molecular biology

50
Q

some whales posses vesitigal hind leg and foot bones

A

comparative anatomy

51
Q

natural selection

A

cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli were al bred from wild mustard

Biology (9th grade) (17 decks)

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