Study Guide Chapter 13

Question 1

aristotle

Answer 1

greek philosopher who believed species to be perfect and permanent

Question 2

book of gensis

Answer 2

stated that all species were designed by a supreme creator

Question 3

peter and rosemary gran

Answer 3

research on galapagos finches documents natural selection

Question 4

jean baptiste lamark

Answer 4

proposed that acquired charactersitics may be influenced

Question 5

charle slyell

Answer 5

his book about gradual geological change influenced darwin

Question 6

thomas malthus

Answer 6

asserted that populations grow faster than resources

Question 7

charles darwin

Answer 7

wrote the origin of species, explaining descent with modification

Question 8

alfred russell wallace

Answer 8

conceieved a theory of evolution almost identical to darwins

Question 9

darwin

Answer 9

english scientist who first devised thoeyr of evolution

Question 10

heritable

Answer 10

passed on to offspring

Question 11

individuals whose inherited charactersitics suied them best

Answer 11

wold be more likely to survive and reproduce than other less suited indivduals

Question 12

beneficial traits

Answer 12

accumulate over geneation

Question 13

natural selection

Answer 13

unequal reproduction

Question 14

aritifical selection

Answer 14

humans pick out and breed individuals with desirable traits

Question 15

peter and rosemary grant

Answer 15

individuals with bigger stronger beaks become more numerous during dry years (small seeds are in short supply)
EXAMPLE OF NATURAL SELECTION

Question 16

pestiticide resistiance in insects

Answer 16

EXAMPLE OF EVOLUTION OR NATURAL SELECTION ( idk)
poison might kill most members of an insect population but individuals with alleles that protect them best from being poisoned survive and reproduce, passing those alleles onto their descendents, seen in greater and greater numbers in succeeding generations, less resistant indivudals die out

Question 17

natural selection

Answer 17

does not create the alleles, selects for individuals in population that already have those alleles, favors those characteristics that fit the local environment, involves diferences among individuals, but individuals things do not evolve, invidiaul does not change its growth rate, popualation changes

Question 18

evolution

Answer 18

not goal directed

Question 19

fossils

Answer 19

hard parts of animals, bones, bones, teeth, shells

Question 20

pallantrologisit

Answer 20

scientist who studies fossils

Question 21

fossils 2

Answer 21

trace the evolution of mammals from a reptillian ancestor

Question 22

strata

Answer 22

rock layers

Question 23

biologist

Answer 23

rely mainly on fossils preserved in sedimentary rock

Question 24

entire organisFtrm…

Answer 24

may be preserved if bacteria and fungi do not decompose the corpse

Question 25

oldest fossils

Answer 25

from prokaryotes from 3.5 billion years ago

Question 26

relatives ages of fossils

Answer 26

can be deduced from the layers in which they are found

Question 27

extinct

Answer 27

no longer eixt

Question 28

fossil seashell

Answer 28

might be an empty mold

Question 29

fossil and whales

Answer 29

fossils show that whales evolved from 4 legged land mammals

Question 30

fossil recod

Answer 30

sequence of fossils within layers of rock

Question 31

ankle bones and whlaes

Answer 31

ankle bones show that whales are related to pigs, hippos, cows, camels, and deer

Question 32

sedimentary ock

Answer 32

form from layers of mud or sand

Question 33

trace

Answer 33

footprints, burrows, racks

Question 34

oldest fossils

Answer 34

fossils found in deepest strata

Question 35

amber

Answer 35

entire insects can be perfectly preserved there

Question 36

fossils

Answer 36

demonstrate that past organisms differ from existing ones

Question 37

feritilized eggs of earthwroms, insects, and snails all go through same pattern of cel division

Answer 37

comparative anatomy

Question 38

same gene seems to be inovled in formation of eyes in many animals

Answer 38

molecular biology

Question 39

genes of humans and chimpanzees are about 96% identical

Answer 39

molecular biology

Question 40

remains of upright walking but small brained apes have been found in africa

Answer 40

fossil reccord

Question 41

all anaimsl wth backbones have 12 pairs of nerves extendign from brain

Answer 41

comparative anamonty

Question 42

bacteria quickly become resistance to antibiotics

Answer 42

natural selection

Question 43

american kennel club recognizes more than 150 dog breeds

Answer 43

artificial selection

Question 44

many unique marsupial mammals live in autralia

Answer 44

biogeography

Question 45

a protein called albumin is very similiar in dogs and wolves, less similair in dogs and cats

Answer 45

momlecular biology

Question 46

farther an island is from mainland the more unique its plants and animals

Answer 46

biogeography

Question 47

limbs of all lan vertebrates have on upper leg bone and two lower leg bones

Answer 47

comparative anatomy

Question 48

anaimals called trilobites were common in oceans 300 million years ago, but they have been extinct for millions of years

Answer 48

fossil record

Question 49

in all living things, AUG is the mRNA start codon

Answer 49

molecular biology

Question 50

some whales posses vesitigal hind leg and foot bones

Answer 50

comparative anatomy

Question 51

natural selection

Answer 51

cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli were al bred from wild mustard