Study GUide chapter 13 #2

Question 1

population

Answer 1

group of individals of sma epseices

Question 2

individual

Answer 2

natural selection acts on

Question 3

population

Answer 3

what actually evolves

Question 4

gene pool

Answer 4

all allales in all individuals in population

Question 5

microevolution

Answer 5

change in relative frequencies of alleles in gene pool

Question 6

muation and sexual reproduction

Answer 6

causes of variation

Question 7

genetic

Answer 7

portion of variation relevant to natrual selection

Question 8

mutation

Answer 8

produce new alleles

Question 9

somatic cells

Answer 9

where most mutations occur

Question 10

mutatiosn in gametes

Answer 10

mutatiosn tha taffect population’s variability

Question 11

most mutations

Answer 11

harmful

Question 12

duplciation mutation

Answer 12

importnat source f helpful variation

Question 13

prokaryotes

Answer 13

organisms in which mutation alone generate most variation

Question 14

1/100,000

Answer 14

mutation rate in most plants and animals

Question 15

sexual repdocution

Answer 15

generates most new gene combinations in anaimsla dna plants

Question 16

crossing over, indivdpent assormtne,t random fertiliztation

Answer 16

sexual processes that generate varation

Question 17

mutations and sexual reproduction, natural selection

Answer 17

mutation and sexual reproduction generate variation while natrual seelction resutls in adaption to the environment

Question 18

breeding of plants and animals by humans is

Answer 18

artificail selection

Question 19

microorganisms can adpt to changes in envrioinment by means of mutation alone because

Answer 19

they multiply so radpily

Question 20

small unit that can evolve is a

Answer 20

popuatlion

Question 21

differenetial reproduction

Answer 21

natural selection

Question 22

which of the following changes in gene pol results in adaptive evolution

Answer 22

natural selection

Question 23

ultimate source of all genetic variation

Answer 23

mutation

Question 24

organsims’s fitness is measured by

Answer 24

contribution to gene pool fo next generation

Question 25

orangsims that posses homologous strucutres probably

Answer 25

evolved from same ancestor

Question 26

recombination of alles ocfurs

Answer 26

when chromsoomes are shuffled in meiosis and feritilization

Question 27

darwin

Answer 27

worked out mechanism of evolution- natrual selection

Question 28

endangered species

Answer 28

often subject o bottleneck effect

Question 29

bottleneck effect

Answer 29

reduces genetic diveristy

Question 30

in populaion of blakc bears which would be considered fittest

Answer 30

bears that leave most descendents

Question 31

because of glboal climate change, resrarchers have discovered that artic wildlfowers are blooming weeks earlier than they did a few decades ago, earlier blooming time seems to be genetnic, exmaple of

Answer 31

direcional selection

Question 32

which would resutl in evolutionary adaptikon of a mosue popualtion to tis environment

Answer 32

mice with thicker fur best survive a cold winter

Question 33

relationship of genome to organism is same as

Answer 33

gene pool to popualion

Question 34

some critics of evolution believe that the theory of evolution is flawed because it is based on random changes, mutations. they say that a random change in roganism is lkely to harm it, not make it function better, what logical statment could a defedner of evolution make in reply to this ctitism

Answer 34

mutation ins random, but natural selection has a nonrandom sorting effect

Question 35

a zoologist ound that population of frogs in macgregor's pond, half genes for skin color in gene pool were alleles for green spots and half genes were alales for brown spots, which of following could cuase these proportions to change

Answer 35

drought shrinks pond so that only 5 frogs remains, females prefer to mate with brown spotted amles, green spotted frogs can hide mroe eaisly among pond weeds, filling in nearby pond cause those frogs to move to macgregor's pond

Question 36

each of us is part of the gongoing evolution of humana species, which of the following ocurances would have greatest impact on future biolgoical evolution of human population

Answer 36

a mutation occurs in one of your sperm or egg cells

Question 37

frequences of dominant and recessive allels in gene pool are 0.2 and 0.8, if this popuolation is at hardy weidnberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of heterozygotes in population

Answer 37

0.32

Question 38

we don't know much about ancient seasweeds, why?

Answer 38

plants move onto land, leaving only aniamls in sea