Study GUide chapter 13 #2 Flashcards

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1
Q

population

A

group of individals of sma epseices

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2
Q

individual

A

natural selection acts on

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3
Q

population

A

what actually evolves

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4
Q

gene pool

A

all allales in all individuals in population

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5
Q

microevolution

A

change in relative frequencies of alleles in gene pool

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6
Q

muation and sexual reproduction

A

causes of variation

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7
Q

genetic

A

portion of variation relevant to natrual selection

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8
Q

mutation

A

produce new alleles

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9
Q

somatic cells

A

where most mutations occur

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10
Q

mutatiosn in gametes

A

mutatiosn tha taffect population’s variability

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11
Q

most mutations

A

harmful

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12
Q

duplciation mutation

A

importnat source f helpful variation

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13
Q

prokaryotes

A

organisms in which mutation alone generate most variation

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14
Q

1/100,000

A

mutation rate in most plants and animals

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15
Q

sexual repdocution

A

generates most new gene combinations in anaimsla dna plants

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16
Q

crossing over, indivdpent assormtne,t random fertiliztation

A

sexual processes that generate varation

17
Q

mutations and sexual reproduction, natural selection

A

mutation and sexual reproduction generate variation while natrual seelction resutls in adaption to the environment

18
Q

breeding of plants and animals by humans is

A

artificail selection

19
Q

microorganisms can adpt to changes in envrioinment by means of mutation alone because

A

they multiply so radpily

20
Q

small unit that can evolve is a

A

popuatlion

21
Q

differenetial reproduction

A

natural selection

22
Q

which of the following changes in gene pol results in adaptive evolution

A

natural selection

23
Q

ultimate source of all genetic variation

A

mutation

24
Q

organsims’s fitness is measured by

A

contribution to gene pool fo next generation

25
Q

orangsims that posses homologous strucutres probably

A

evolved from same ancestor

26
Q

recombination of alles ocfurs

A

when chromsoomes are shuffled in meiosis and feritilization

27
Q

darwin

A

worked out mechanism of evolution- natrual selection

28
Q

endangered species

A

often subject o bottleneck effect

29
Q

bottleneck effect

A

reduces genetic diveristy

30
Q

in populaion of blakc bears which would be considered fittest

A

bears that leave most descendents

31
Q

because of glboal climate change, resrarchers have discovered that artic wildlfowers are blooming weeks earlier than they did a few decades ago, earlier blooming time seems to be genetnic, exmaple of

A

direcional selection

32
Q

which would resutl in evolutionary adaptikon of a mosue popualtion to tis environment

A

mice with thicker fur best survive a cold winter

33
Q

relationship of genome to organism is same as

A

gene pool to popualion

34
Q

some critics of evolution believe that the theory of evolution is flawed because it is based on random changes, mutations. they say that a random change in roganism is lkely to harm it, not make it function better, what logical statment could a defedner of evolution make in reply to this ctitism

A

mutation ins random, but natural selection has a nonrandom sorting effect

35
Q

a zoologist ound that population of frogs in macgregor’s pond, half genes for skin color in gene pool were alleles for green spots and half genes were alales for brown spots, which of following could cuase these proportions to change

A

drought shrinks pond so that only 5 frogs remains, females prefer to mate with brown spotted amles, green spotted frogs can hide mroe eaisly among pond weeds, filling in nearby pond cause those frogs to move to macgregor’s pond

36
Q

each of us is part of the gongoing evolution of humana species, which of the following ocurances would have greatest impact on future biolgoical evolution of human population

A

a mutation occurs in one of your sperm or egg cells

37
Q

frequences of dominant and recessive allels in gene pool are 0.2 and 0.8, if this popuolation is at hardy weidnberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of heterozygotes in population

A

0.32

38
Q

we don’t know much about ancient seasweeds, why?

A

plants move onto land, leaving only aniamls in sea