Study GUide chapter 13 #2 Flashcards
population
group of individals of sma epseices
individual
natural selection acts on
population
what actually evolves
gene pool
all allales in all individuals in population
microevolution
change in relative frequencies of alleles in gene pool
muation and sexual reproduction
causes of variation
genetic
portion of variation relevant to natrual selection
mutation
produce new alleles
somatic cells
where most mutations occur
mutatiosn in gametes
mutatiosn tha taffect population’s variability
most mutations
harmful
duplciation mutation
importnat source f helpful variation
prokaryotes
organisms in which mutation alone generate most variation
1/100,000
mutation rate in most plants and animals
sexual repdocution
generates most new gene combinations in anaimsla dna plants
crossing over, indivdpent assormtne,t random fertiliztation
sexual processes that generate varation
mutations and sexual reproduction, natural selection
mutation and sexual reproduction generate variation while natrual seelction resutls in adaption to the environment
breeding of plants and animals by humans is
artificail selection
microorganisms can adpt to changes in envrioinment by means of mutation alone because
they multiply so radpily
small unit that can evolve is a
popuatlion
differenetial reproduction
natural selection
which of the following changes in gene pol results in adaptive evolution
natural selection
ultimate source of all genetic variation
mutation
organsims’s fitness is measured by
contribution to gene pool fo next generation
orangsims that posses homologous strucutres probably
evolved from same ancestor
recombination of alles ocfurs
when chromsoomes are shuffled in meiosis and feritilization
darwin
worked out mechanism of evolution- natrual selection
endangered species
often subject o bottleneck effect
bottleneck effect
reduces genetic diveristy
in populaion of blakc bears which would be considered fittest
bears that leave most descendents
because of glboal climate change, resrarchers have discovered that artic wildlfowers are blooming weeks earlier than they did a few decades ago, earlier blooming time seems to be genetnic, exmaple of
direcional selection
which would resutl in evolutionary adaptikon of a mosue popualtion to tis environment
mice with thicker fur best survive a cold winter
relationship of genome to organism is same as
gene pool to popualion
some critics of evolution believe that the theory of evolution is flawed because it is based on random changes, mutations. they say that a random change in roganism is lkely to harm it, not make it function better, what logical statment could a defedner of evolution make in reply to this ctitism
mutation ins random, but natural selection has a nonrandom sorting effect
a zoologist ound that population of frogs in macgregor’s pond, half genes for skin color in gene pool were alleles for green spots and half genes were alales for brown spots, which of following could cuase these proportions to change
drought shrinks pond so that only 5 frogs remains, females prefer to mate with brown spotted amles, green spotted frogs can hide mroe eaisly among pond weeds, filling in nearby pond cause those frogs to move to macgregor’s pond
each of us is part of the gongoing evolution of humana species, which of the following ocurances would have greatest impact on future biolgoical evolution of human population
a mutation occurs in one of your sperm or egg cells
frequences of dominant and recessive allels in gene pool are 0.2 and 0.8, if this popuolation is at hardy weidnberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of heterozygotes in population
0.32
we don’t know much about ancient seasweeds, why?
plants move onto land, leaving only aniamls in sea
