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Biology (9th grade) > Evolution 4 > Flashcards

Evolution 4 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

Large population

A

The effect of chance on allele frequencies is thereby greatly reduced

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2
Q

Random mating

A

Individuals show no mating preference for a particular phenotype

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3
Q

No net mutation

A

No alteration in DNA sequence of a alleles

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4
Q

No gene flow

A

No immigration or emigration

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5
Q

No natural selection

A

All genotypes have an equal chance of surviving and reproducing

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6
Q

Sympatric

A

Don’t need geographic barrier

reproductive isolation occur

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7
Q

2 sympatric

A

hybridization and polyploidan population

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8
Q

hybrid

A

two different individuals mate and produce fertile offspring

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9
Q

examples of hybrids

A

Red wolf

Skua

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10
Q

Red wolf

A

60 left
Small natural population
Carolina’s
result of mating between wolf and coyote

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11
Q

Polyploidan population

A

Entire set of chromosome fail to segregate in meiosis abc result in diploid gamete

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12
Q

diploid gametes

A

double set of chromosome

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13
Q

example of polyploidan population

A

Rodent in Argentina
common in amphibians, plants (majority)
strawberries kiwis dandelions

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14
Q

premating or prezygotic

A

prevent mating prevent mating or fertilization between species

  • speices psecific mating calls
  • species specific mating rituals
  • species specific pheromones (scent)
  • gamete incompatibility (sperm and egg can’t fertilized)
  • physical parts don’t fit
  • species specific mating seasons (related to timing, TEMPORAL)
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15
Q

zygote

A

fertilized egg

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16
Q

types of reproduction isolating mechansim

A

premating and post mating

17
Q

hybrid morality

A

hybrids are born but die early
ex: ensatina (salamander)

REDUCED HYBRID VARIABILITY

18
Q

reproductive barrier

A

a biological feature of the organism that prevents individuals of closely related species from interbreeding when their ranges over lap

19
Q

-hybrid sterility

A

mules, can’t have fertile offspring)

REDUCED HYBRID FERTILITY

20
Q

postzygotic barrier

A

operate after hybrid zygotes are formed

21
Q

temporal isolation

A

when species breed at different times
-ex: eastern and weatern spotted skunks breed at different times of year

SPECIES SPECIFIC MATING SEASONS

22
Q

habtitat isolation

A

two species live in same general area but not in same kinds of places
-ex: thamnophis (species of garter snakes, one lives in water and land)

23
Q

behavioral isolation

or:

A

little or no sexual attraction between males and females
-ex: fireflies of various species siganlt to feamle of their kind by blinking their lights in a patricular rhytmes, then feamles flash back and atrract males

SPECIES SPECIFIC MATING CALLS, RITUALS AND PHEROMENS

24
Q

mechanical siolation

A

female and male sex organs are not compatible

PHYSICAL TRAITS DON’T FIT

25
Q

gametic isolation

A

male and female from two different spices may copulate but the gametes do not united to form a zygote
-ex: male and female urchins release eggs and sperm into sea but fertilization occurs only if species specific molecules on surfaces of egg and sperm attach to each other

GAMETE INCOMPABILITY

26
Q

hybrid breakdown

A

first generation of hybrid offpsiring are viable and fertile but when these hybridsmate with one another or with either parent species the offspring are feeble or sterile

27
Q

reproductive isolation

A

prevents gene flow and maintains gap between species

28
Q

gamete

A

single set of chromsome

29
Q

diploid cell

A

total number of chromosomes

30
Q

Types of postzygotic barriers

A

Reduced hybrid viability
Hybrid breakdown
Reduced hybrid fertility

31
Q

Types of prezygotic barriers

A

Temporal
Habitat
Mechanical
Gametic

Biology (9th grade) (17 decks)

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