Study Guide Chapter 11 Flashcards
James-Lange
Pure autonomic failure
- Output from a…….. n…… s….. To body fails
- people with this condition report feeling….?
Suggests that other factors are involved in the perception of emotion
Autonomic nervous system
Report feeling same emotions, but less intensely
Emotion-components
1) c……..
2) a…..
3) f……
1) cognition
2) action
3) feeling
All aspects don’t have to occur together!
James-Lange theory..
Frightening situation—run away—fear
- suggests that autonomic arousal and skeletal action occurs first in an e……
- the emotion felt is the label we give the arousal of the organs and muscles
The theory leads to two predictions:
1) people with weak autonomic or skeletal response should feel (more or less?) emotion
2) (increasing or decreasing?) ones response should enhance an emotion (experience)
Emotion
1) less
2) increasing
According to the James Lang theory…
-emotional feelings result from the body’s actions
-panic attack= intense sympathetic nervous system arousal
Only if perceived as occurring spontaneously
The perceptions of the body’s actions do contribute to emotional feeling, however the body’s actions are….?
Not required
Emotion is usually considered a coherent “…..”
Whole
Behavioral activation system
Characterized by activation of the (left or right?) heliosphere, especially the frontal and temporal lobes
- marked by low to moderate arousal and tendency to approach
- can characterize happiness or anger
Left
Behavioral inhibition system (BIS)
Associated with increased activity of the frontal and temporal lobe of the (right or left?) hemisphere
- increases attention
- inhibits action
- stimulates emotions such as fear and disgust
Right
Damage to parts of the prefrontal cortex blunts emotions
- impairs d…….-m…..
- leads to impulsive d……. m….. without pausing to consider consequences
- inconsistent preferences
- decreased gu… and tr…
- impairs decision making
- leads to impulsive decision making without pausing to consider consequences
- inconsistent preferences
- decreased guilt and trust
Aggressive behaviors depend on ratio of t……….. To c…….
Testosterone to cortisol
Cortisol inhibits violent impulses
Attack and escape behaviors and corresponding emotions (anger and fear)
-closely related physiologically and behaviorally
Attack behaviors!
Depend on the i……… and the situation
Individual
Serotonin synapses and aggressive behavior
Impulsiveness and aggressive behavior have been linked to low s…….. release
Serotonin turnover:
- the amount of serotonin that neurons released, absorbed, and replaced
- measured by the concentration of 5-HIAA in the cerebrospinal fluid
Low serotonin release
Serotonin turnover…
Experiment with mice
-social isolation L…… serotonin turnover in strains that reacted with greatest amount of fighting
Monkeys
-low serotonin turnover=more aggressive monkeys
Humans
-low serotonin turnover=history of violent behavior
Relationship between serotonin and aggression is small
Lowered
Fear and anxiety!
Role of the amygdala…?
-important for enhancing the s…… Reflex
Startle reflex
-extremely fast response to unpredicted loud noises
Startle reflex
Noise stimulates an area of pons that commands tension of neck.
Info. Reaches pons within 3 to 8 milliseconds
Is more vigorous if already tense
Can be used as a behavioral measure of a……
Startle response occurs within two-tenths of a second
Anxiety
Response of the human amygdala to visual stimuli
fMRI studies show the amygdala responds strongly to photos that arouse fear or photos of faces showing fear
-response is stronger when the meaning is (unclear/clear?) and requires some processing
Responds more strongly to an angry face directed toward the viewer and frightened faces directed elsewhere
Unclear
